Early Civilizations Pre 3500BCE to 1300CE

Common Characteristics EPIC NameEgyptPakistanIraqChina Began Located Jobs Govt. Religion Writing IO/CD

Common Characteristics EPIC NameEgyptPakistanIraqChina Began3500bce2500bce3500bce3000bce LocatedNileIndus Tigris/Euphrates Fertile Crescent Yellow JobsFarm Govt.Monarch ReligionPolytheist Monotheism- Hebrews 1st Polytheist Writing Hieroglyphics SanskritCuneiform 1 st written Character IO/CDCD IO

E.P.I.C. Civilizations Common Characteristics Continued Cities Central Governments Religion Job Specialization Social Classes (based on? US have?) Arts/Architecture Public Works Writing

American Civilization (EPICA?)  1400 B.C.E (1 st = Olmecs in Mexico)  Polytheistic  Monarchy (ruler/emperor)  Rivers, Gulf Coast  Nomads to farmers (like others). Corn #1  Symbols/characters (like hieroglyphics)  IO (independent from East Hemisphere)  CD (shared culture throughout America)  Main civ.=Mayas, Incas(largest), Aztecs  Social classes (priests #1)

Tenochititlan The Capitol city of Aztecs Incas Mayans

Egypt: Kingdom of the Nile  3 Kingdoms: Old, Middle, New  Rulers of Old Kingdom = Pharaohs  3100 BCE King Menes creates 1 st unified state  New Kingdom declined after its greatest pharaoh Ramses II died.  Social classes headed by Pharaohs, or rulers ( seen as a god and a king), then priests/nobles, merchants/artisans, and finally farmers and slaves.  Established a bureaucracy.

Pakistan: Kingdom of Indus  1 st civilization=Harappans.  Overthrown by Aryans, expand into India.  Aryans from Eurasia, AKA Arian.  Had a peace symbol. Who did they influence in modern world history?  Wrote religious teachings in the Vedas.  Developed Hinduism which created the CASTE System (occupation-see Chart).  Buddhism, another major religion, developed from Hinduism (later spread).  Hinduism-reincarnation/Buddhism-Nirvana

Pakistan: Kingdom of Indus CASTE SYSTEM: Like the US at all? Why a pyramid?  Brahman (Priests)  Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors)  Vaishyas (artisans, merchants)  Shudras (servants, slaves, unskilled)  Pariahs (bums, outcasts)-Simpson's

Pakistan: Kingdom of Indus  321 BCE Chandragupta Maurya forms India’s 1 st great empire  320 CE to 550 CE Gupta empire(after Maharaja Sri-Gupta) = greatest empire. Maharaja Sri-Gupta  Under Gupta India enjoyed its golden age of peace and achievement.  Has the US had its Golden Age?

Iraq: Kingdom of Mesopotamia  1 st civilization were the Sumerians.  Lived in Mesopotamia or the Fertile Crescent (shape) {red cross/crescent}  Had city-states.  Sumerians developed 1 st writing-cuneiform  Oldest book The Tale of Gilgamesh (1800 BCE )  Had a social hierarchy with ruling family at top (compare to dynasty).  Invaded by the Amorites.

Iraq: Kingdom of Mesopotamia  2300 BCE Amorites conquer Sumer.  Led by Sargon I who creates 1 st Empire.  Another great leader Hammurabi created the Code of Hammurabi which were the 1 st set of written rules. (Why?)  Amorites traded with the Phoenicians who had the 1 st alphabet.  2000 BCE Hebrews develop 1 st monotheistic religion=Judaism.  Early religions were polytheistic.

Iraq: Kingdom of Mesopotamia  1000 BCE kingdom of Israel established  Led by King Solomon, who built a temple in Jerusalem  Invaded and lived under foreign rule for approx years, until Diaspora.  Jews settled all over, including Europe.  Treated poorly, resettle in modern Israel in 1948, after 2000 yrs of Muslim rule.  Link to issues today

China: Kingdom of Huang Ho  Total Independent Origins  Thought sole civilization so called selves “Middle Kingdom”. Why?  Social Hierarchy w/ dynasty.  Rulers ruled w/ Divine Right.  Early “religions” were polytheistic, such as Taoism (Daoism) and Confucianism.  Yang Yin (handouts)  A great empire was the HAN (206 BCE to 220 CE). Silk Road led to C.D.

8 Common Characteristics of Civilizations Cities Central Governments Religion Job Specialization Social Classes Arts/Architecture Public Works Writing

Greece v. Rome (extension of early civilizations) Cities Central Governments Religion Job Specialization Social Classes Arts/Architecture Public Works Writing Did they both have these things?

Greece (1750 b.c.e – 133 b.c.e)  City-States called Polis. Developed by CD  Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Democracy  Polytheistic- human characteristics & god for everything (Zeus)  Education (“Classics”-Greek, philosophy, history, also science & math)  Classes more = and all benefit  Entertainment-Olympics, theatre, art  Magnificent buildings-column/acropolis  Roads built, commons  Greek alphabet (from Phoenicians)  Vast Empire protected by good military

Rome (509 b.c.e – 476 c.e)  Individual city-states. Developed by CD  Republic to Empire (absolute power)  Poly/monotheistic-renamed Gr. Gods/Christ.  Law & education (copy Greece)  Patricians & Plebeians (won more rights)  Entertainment, copy Greek art (sculpture) and Greek architecture.  Built roads, aqueducts, bridges, & harbors  Used Latin  Vast Empire with huge military. Strong family values. Pax Romana (32 b.c.e –180 c.e)