1. Foundations 1a: economist 1b: political scientist 1c: sociologist
1d: geographer
2a: Physical feature; mountains, rivers, desert
2b: man-made feature; country, boundaries
3a: nomadic; hunter-gatherer
3b: Neolithic Revolution; farming and animal domestication
4: writing system, religion, cities, jobs, public works, gov’t, art, social classes

2. Regents Review: 1st Civilizations/Early Empires Buzz Words

4. Egypt Buzz Words: nile, hieroglyphics, pharaoh, pyramids, polytheism, fertile soil

5. Indus Buzz Words: aryans, Caste System, beg of Hindu, rigid, no social mobility, public works (gov’t), urban, ganges sacred, indus, fertile soil
(Priests)
Brahmins
(Warriors)
Kshatriyas
(Farmers, artisans, merchants)
Vaisyas
(The conquered, servants, laborers)
Sudras
Pariahs [Harijan]  Untouchables

6. Mesopotamia Buzz Words: Fertile Crescent, Tigris-Euphrates, city states, cuneiform, polytheism, Code of Hammurabi, Judaism (monotheism), fertile soil, ziggurats

7. China (Yellow River) Buzz Words: Huang He, dynastic cycle, mandate of heaven, terrace farming, mtns

8. Rome Buzz Words: Access to Med, Law of the 12 Tables, Pax Romana, republic, political stability, peninsula, centralized gov, Rome fell: invasions, East survives= Byzantine

9. Greek Buzz Words: direct democracy, archipelago, city states, sparta=military, education, fitness, alex the great, Hellenistic Civ, philosophy, Socrates

10. Qin Buzz Words: China, Great Wall, protection, isolation, legalism, ethnocentrism

11. Han Buzz Words: Silk Road, trade, cultural diffusion, Confucianism, rule by example, golden age, civil service exams

12. Gupta Buzz Words: math, science, spread of Buddhism, Asoka, golden age, art, decimals, ajanta caves

13. West African Kingdoms Buzz Words: Ghana, Mali, Songhai, salt/gold, Timbuktu, Mansa Musa, Islam, trade, complex, hajj

14. Maya Buzz Words: math, science, calendar, temples, ability to adapt, complex civ

15. Islamic Empire Buzz Words: diverse empire, golden age, Abbasid, calligraphy, centers of learning, preservers of Greco-Roman culture