1. The First Civilizations
CHAPTER 2
4/23/2017
CHAPTER 2
The First Civilizations
Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture
Section 3: Sumerian Civilization
Section 4: Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 5: The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 6: The Origins of Judaism

2. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Objectives:
Explore how geography affected the development of ancient Egypt.
Identify the events and discoveries that marked the development of Egyptian civilization.
Explain how Egyptian kingdoms developed and why they collapsed.

3. The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Land: Its Geography and Importance
The Nile River
Other natural advantages – farmland, mineral deposits

4. Early Steps Toward Civilization
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Early Steps Toward Civilization
Mining metals
Making alloys and pottery
Writing - hieroglyphics

5. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 1:
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Egyptian Kingdoms
The Old Kingdom – pharaohs grew weaker and nobles grew stronger
The Middle Kingdom – “golden age”
The New Kingdom – Hatshepsut was one of first known female rulers
Egypt’s decline – Ramses was last great pharaoh

6. Egyptian Life and Culture
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
Objectives:
Describe Egyptian achievements in the arts and architecture.
Examine how the Egyptians expressed their religious beliefs.
Explain how farming and trade were carried on in Egypt.

7. The Achievements of Ancient Egypt
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
The Achievements of Ancient Egypt
Architecture and the arts – pyramids, sculpture
Science, math, and medicine – calendar, number system and geometry, herbal medicines

8. Education and Religion
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
Education and Religion
The gods – animal symbols
The afterlife – mummification to preserve body

9. Egyptian Life and Culture
Section 2:
Egyptian Life and Culture
Society and Economy
Farming – peasants farmed, but pharaohs owned land
Trade – in caravans and by sea

10. Sumerian Civilization
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
Objectives:
Explore how geography affected the development of the Sumerian civilization.
Identify the achievements of the Sumerian people.
Describe what life was like in Sumerian society.

11. The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
The Land: Its Geography and Importance
Fertile Crescent – not isolated
Flood control – society built on cooperation

12. Sumer and Its Achievements
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
Sumer and Its Achievements
Sumerian writing – cuneiform
Architecture and science – arch, wheel, math

13. Sumerian Civilization
Section 3:
Sumerian Civilization
Sumerian Society
Government and society – priests, kings, and nobles at top, peasant farmers and slaves at bottom of society
Farming and trade – dates, grains, vegetables, flax for linen, animals
Education and religion – only upper-class males attended school; practiced polytheism

14. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Objectives:
Explain why Sumerians were attacked by outsiders.
Examine the characteristics of Babylonian society.
Investigate which invaders conquered Babylon and why they failed to control it.
Describe the achievements of the Persians.

15. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
The Akkadians
From Mesopotamia
Sargon

16. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
The Babylonians
Code of Hammurabi – “an eye for an eye”
Babylonian culture – farming, women could own property
Religion – sacrifices

17. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Other Conquerors
The Hittites – laws and government
The Assyrians – first to use cavalry
The Chaldeans – Nebuchadnezzar

18. Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Section 4:
Empires of the Fertile Crescent
The Persians
Government – collected taxes, administered law fairly, built roads
Persian religion – Zoroastrianism, universal struggle between good and evil
The decline of the Persians – kings lacked leadership abilities

19. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 5:
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Objectives:
Examine how trade influenced Phoenician culture.
Describe how a money economy developed in Lydia.

20. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 5:
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
The Phoenicians
Phoenician trade – lumber, metals, glass blowing, dyeing
Phoenician culture – developed Phoenician alphabet

21. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Section 5:
The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Lydians
First people to use coined money made of gold and silver

22. The Origins of Judaism Objectives: Section 6:
Explain how the migrating Hebrews found a homeland.
Explore how religious views affected Hebrew culture.

23. The Origins of Judaism The Hebrews Section 6:
The Exodus – Moses led Hebrews out of slavery
The Ten Commandments
The founding of Israel – King Saul

24. The Development of Judaism
Section 6:
The Origins of Judaism
The Development of Judaism
Law and ethics – Torah
Religion – ethical monotheism