Chinese Revolution (Part II) Struggle for a New China

1927 Communist Exterminations Shanghai Incident : ▫Civil war between the CCP and KMT Chiang Kai-shek firmly in power ▫believed that China’s power should be based on the Three Principles ▫but… slowly forming a fascist state

Mao Escapes and Spreads the Communist Word believed that Communists should seek support among the large peasant masses worked to gain support of peasants in SE China

The Long March

Era of Yenan Political and Spiritual center of CCP Mao firmly in control “A new beginning”

Creation of a New Army An army: ▫of volunteers ▫of equality ▫of self-sufficiency and self-reliance ▫of peasants ▫dedicated to serve the peasants and workers

1937 Japanese Invasion of China KMT and CCP join together in ‘2 nd United Front’ against Japanese December 1937 ▫“Rape of Nanking” Chiang moved his government from Nanking to Chongquing

Japan occupied China’s coast “Three All” policy

1941 Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor America allies with the Chinese ▫ By the end of WWII: ▫Kuomintang controlled China’s central government ▫Mao’s CCP controlled much of northern and central China

Chinese Civil War Nationalists (KMT, Chiang) ▫Poor economic policies, corruption, reliance on Western powers vs. Communists (CCP, Mao, Red Army) ▫support of huge peasant population ▫helped capture rail lines, therefore cities

1949 Communist Victory Chiang fled to Taiwan ▫Led the ‘Republic of China’ Mao proclaims the ‘People’s Republic of China’ ▫Embarked on a revolutionary transformation of Chinese society ▫In theory, a new “democratic” society dictated by lower and urban classes