1. The Chinese Republic
Mr. Curcio/Mrs. Jarvis

2. Sun had organized the Chinese Nationalist Party or the Kuomintang.
This Group Struggled against the Qing Dynasty.
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

3. Sun served briefly as the president of the People’s Republic of China.
He set out his goals for China
his book, “The Three Principles
of the People.”
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

4. 1. He called for Nationalism, which meant unifying China and ending foreign domination of China
2. He supported Democracy or representative government where people are directly involved in their government.
3. He spoke of ensuring a decent living or livelihood for all Chinese.
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

5. Sun was forced out of office in 1912 by a man named Yuan Shikai, a powerful general.
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

6. As in the past, regional rulers called Gong were battling for power in China with their own armies.
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

7. The years between represented years of rule by warlords, but Sun Yat Sen pressed forward with his ideas.
He organized an army to restore peace AND rallied his followers around the city of Guangzhou
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

8. Sun appointed a young energetic officer named Chiang Kai-shek to command his nationalist army.
Chiang would take over as the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party when Sun Died in 1925.
The Rise of Sun Yat Sen

9. The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek

10. The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek
By 1928, Chiang Kai-shek brought China unity.
In order to do this, Chiang’s Nationalist party had to join forces with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The Nationalists and Communists worked together to fight the warlords and expel foreigners.
The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek

11. The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek
They worked together for a while but differed greatly in what they wanted for the future of China.
The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek

12. The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek
As a result, Chiang moved against the Communists in 1927 by doing the following:
1. Gaining control of the wealthiest provinces of China
2. Moved swiftly and violently against Communists in Shanghai
The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek

13. The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek
The Communists that survived fled to the mountains of Southeastern China.
The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek

14. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

15. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong led the Chinese Communist Party in China during the 1920s and 1930s.
He re-organized the Communist refugees after they were expelled by Chiang.
The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

16. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong
Mao believed that the Communists could rule China if they had the support of the Peasants.
He ordered his soldiers to give their food to the poor.
The Communists shared their resources with the people instead of just taking them like other armies.
As a result, Mao’s army grew.
The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

17. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong
Chiang launched a series of attacks against the Communists.
The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

18. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong
Being outnumbered, the Communists had to retreat more than 6,000 miles into Northeastern China.
The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

19. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong
This chase by the nationalists against the Communists lasted 368 days as 90,000 Communists with their families set out on this, “Long March.” Only 7,000 survived.
The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

20. The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong
Mao led his Communists followers throughout this difficult journey.
Significance: The Long March became the turning point in the history of the Chinese Communist Party
The Long March and Rise of Mao Zedong

21. The Fight for Control of China after World War II
After WWII, the Nationalists lost power. Why?
Soldiers were weak and exhausted from the war.
Nationalists suffered from heavy losses against the Japanese.
There was much corruption among Chiang’s officials.
This undermined the nationalist cause.
The Fight for Control of China after World War II

22. The Fight for Control of China after World War II
The Communists gain popularity. Why?
1. Mao’s peasant armies were generous to the poor
2. Mao rallied supporters to free China from Nationalist failures such as corrupt officials and foreign imperialists.
The Fight for Control of China after World War II

23. The Fight for Control of China after World War II
End Result: Mao, supported by the Chinese Communist Party announces the birth of the “People’s Republic of China in 1949.”
He names himself as the head of state.
The Fight for Control of China after World War II

24. The Fight for Control of China after World War II
1. The Communists swept into Beijing and the people cheered in the streets.
2. Chiang and the Nationalist Party retreated to the Island of Taiwan, off the Coast of China. He set up a government there and vowed to return one day to reclaim what he lost.
The Fight for Control of China after World War II

25. Mao’s philosophy of government appealed to the peasantry.
1. He promised land reform and redistribution.
2. Improved lifestyle in Communes
3. He denounced Japanese imperialism in China, and promised a great victory over them.
4. Modernization of China.
5. Equal rights for women including the right to a work, vote and join the military.
Mao’s Philosophy

26. Mao believed that the working class would carry out the revolution.
The 1917 Bolshevik (Russian) Revolution had inspired Mao
Communist China

27. Despite Mao’s promises, China became a dictatorship where one party, the Chinese Communist Party ruled under one man, Mao Zedong.
The Communist Party was protected by the PLA or People’s Liberation Army.
Communist China

28. The Communists set up a totalitarianism, which is a government that controls every aspect of its citizens lives through a single-party dictatorship.
Communist China

29. How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?
1. The Communists made Mao into a symbol.
2. They used propaganda to promote certain ideas and damage opposing ideas.
How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?

30. How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?
People memorized the “Quotations of Chairman Mao” which were published as pamphlet called “Mao’s Little Red Book.”
How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?

31. How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?
Under Mao, the Chinese built schools and extended basic healthcare services.
Because he launched massive drives to build a “New China,” he was portrayed as a hero and honored as such.
How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?

32. How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?
Mao promoted programs to keep the revolution alive, for example, The Cultural Revolution
How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?

33. How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?
Cultural Revolution: It called on Chinese youth to eliminate “impure” elements of Chinese culture – violently if necessary.
How did the Chinese view Mao Zedong?

34. The Cultural Revolution continued until Mao’s death in 1976, and its tormented and violent legacy would still exist in Chinese politics and society for decades to come.
The Legacy of Mao