1. March 21, 2011 Objective: Students will be able to analyze the upheaval in China and its ultimate fall to Communism. Do Now: What was footbinding? Agenda: Do Now Continue PowerPoint 15.3 Worksheet. Essential Question: How did Russia influence China economically and politically?

2. China China’s Qing dynasty collapsed in 1911. President of China’s new republic San Yixian (Yat-sen) hoped to rebuild China. Three Principles: 1. nationalism 2. democracy 3. economic security

3. Sun Yatsen 1912-Yatsen stepped down as President in favor of Yuan Shikai. (powerful general) Though he could create strong govt. however, he tried to set up new dynasty. Military didn’t support Shikai and opposition divided the nation. Dies in 1916 China falls in disorder Local warlords seize power Armies battle for control Economy collapsed Millions suffered Famine and bandit attacks add to misery.

4. Foreign powers increased influence over Chinese affairs. Foreign merchants, missionaries, and soldiers dominated ports in China. During WWI Japanese officials presented Shikai with “21 demands” Sought to make China a Japanese protectorate. China’s weak and gave into some demands 1919-Paris Peace Conference-Allies gave Japan some former German possessions in China

5. Result-May 4 th Movement Student protest erupted in Beijing May 4, 1919 Later spread to cities Set off cultural and intellectual sentiment  goal strengthen China Sought to improve China’s positions through “westernizing” Women were key  joined marches and campaigns  were able to end practices such as “footbind” Also helped open doors in education and economy.

6. Footbind

7. Communism on the Rise Some turned to ideas of Marx and Lenin SU trained Chinese students and military officers to become the vanguard or elite leaders of a communist revolution. By 20’s small group of Chinese Communist formed own party.

8. Sun Yiaxan and the Guomindang 1921  est. govt. in South China. Planned to raise army to defeat warlords, spread govt. rule over China. Western Powers=no help Accepts aid from SU-joined forces with small group of Chinese Communists. Still believed China’s future should be based on his Three Principles of the People

9. Sun dies 1925 Shek took over Guomindang Determined to beat warlords and reunite China 1926-though little interest in Communist Party he joins with them Began Northern Expedition -Led forces into China, crushing/winning over local warlords as he advanced and captured Beijing. Able to take control of new Govt. controlled by Guomindang Mid-campaign he struck at the Chinese Communist Party- Why? 1927-he orders Guomindang troops to slaughter communist party members and workers who supported him. Shanghia and elsewhere-1,000’s were killed This marks the beginning of a civil war btw Communist and Guomindang which would last for 22 years.

10. Chiang Kai- shek

11. Mao Zedong Mao Zedong escaped Shek’s attack Believed communists should seek support amongst large peasant masses  not small working class. Why? In SE China-Mao and Communists redistributed land to peasants and promised reform.

12. Mao Zedong

13. Shek was determined to destroy “red bandits”=Communists Led series of extermination campaigns Guomindang harassed Mao’s retreating army throughout the Long March from 1934-1935 Mao’s forces used guerilla, or irregular hit and run tactics to fight back. End of Long March-Communists set up a new base in a remote region of Northern China. Along March-Mao had soldiers treat peasants nicely. Why? Mao rebuilt forces, and plotted new strategies.

14. 2 nd Sino-Japanese War As Shek pursued Communists he faced Japan as well 1931-Japan invaded Manchuria to add to its empire. Shek formed united front with Communists to combat Japan. 1937-the Japanese struck again-starting the 2nd Sino- Japanese War. Planes bombed Chinese cities Japanese troops overran major cities Shek set up new capital and Chonqing Dec. 13-Nanjing (Guomindang’s previous capital) surrendered. After surrender Japanese troops killed hundreds of thousands of soldiers which became known as the “Rape of Nanjing” United Chinese fought back-with advisors/equipment form SU and economic aid from GB, France, and US.

15. Peal Harbor 1941=US enters WWII and an alliance with China. By end of WWII Shek and the Guomindang controlled China’s central govt. BUT Mao’s Communist Party controlled much of N. and Central China though corruption existed. Communists had organized hundreds of thousands of Chinese peasants at the village level and spread their political ideas.

16. Chinese Civil War-1945- 49 After WWII, civil war continued Mao Zedong (Communists) vs. Chiang Kai-shek (Nationalists)

17. Ruled in South after WWII Military- low morale Financial aid from U.S. Alienated peasants with focus on tax and cities Ruled in North after WWII Experienced motivated army Financial aid from USSR Skillful at getting peasant support Nationalists Communists

18. Results of the Civil War Chiang defeated  flees with his army and followers to Taiwan (Formosa) Mao Zedong takes control of China China falls to Communism!!!