The Sub-Saharan Kingdoms I can…explain how the availability of resources impacted the economic development of the west Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms. Thursday, January 22nd

Bell Ringer Read SSW #8 AFRICAN KINGDOMS – Articles to read Good as Gold (front) African Kingdoms (inside) Answer this question in your Bell Ringer notebooks. – What items were exchanged on the Trans-Sahara trade route? Which of these are still important and why? (gold, salt, cotton cloth, beads, copper, dates, pottery, ivory, ostrich feathers, cola beans, ideas, customs, foods, Arabic writing systems, Islamic religious systems)

Read SSW#8 Mapping and Charting North Africa AP #1): Why was Ghana geographically located in an area that encouraged trade?

The Sub-Saharan Kingdom of Ghana I can…explain how the availability of resources impacted the economic development of the west Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms of Ghana. Friday, January 23rd

Bell Ringer Read SSW #8 – Article Trades and Technology: Salt and Sahara Desert Answer this question – Salt made the difference between life and death in the West African Kingdoms. Why? What in your daily life has the same value to you? Name at least five items in order of importance and give reasons why you can’t live without each.

Kingdom of Ghana Western Africa, located on the Senegal River – Emerged in 500 A.D. 1 st Great Traders of West Africa – Gold and Salt trade Farming communities throughout nation Strong rulers, no laws to govern with – Rulers acted as religious leader, judge, and military commander as well Well trained army to protect Kingdom Vast wealth- resources of gold, silver, and iron ore

Kingdom of Ghana Traded gold and salt but also cloth and weapons Berbers- traders whom carried the products across the desert – Camels used – About 3 miles per hours, about 60 days to reach destination Spread of Islamic ideas through trade – Literacy grew- study of the Qu’ran

Empire of Ghana King collected taxes on all goods traded – Usually took tax payments as gold or salt blocks King controlled/ owned all gold – Preventing it from losing its value at market – Type of economy- Government Controlled! Elaborate dress for the wealthy 800 A.D.- reached empire status – Smaller rulers left in place over territories Like a bureaucracy – Independent rulers pay tax = freedom of state

End of Ghana Lived in luxury for hundreds of years Weakened by war Collapsed in the 1200’s – Invasion

The Sub-Saharan Kingdom of Mali I can…explain how the availability of resources impacted the economic development of the west Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms of Mali. Monday, January 26th

Bell Ringer Read SSW #8 – Articles Emperor Mansa Musa Why Are Camels Called “Ships of the Desert” – Answer this question How did Mansa Musa’s behavior affect the economy and currency? How did Mansa Musa organize and protect his empire?

Read “Ghana: A West African Trading Empire” AP #2): What role did natural resources play in the demise of the Ghanaian empire and the rise of Mali?

Kingdom of Mali 12 th Century Defeated Ghana, captured capital 1240 Extended from Atlantic Coast to Timbuktu Wealth came from gold and salt trade Each village had its own ruler – Ruler governed and sent money to the king of Mali

The Sub-Saharan Kingdom of Songhai I can…explain how the availability of resources impacted the economic development of the west Sub-Saharan African Kingdoms of Songhai. Tuesday, January 27th

Bell Ringer Finish reading the rest of SSW #8 Complete vocab crossword puzzle and review.

Day 3 Read “Mansa Musa” AP #3): Who was Mansa Musa and what was his role in West African trade?

Day 4 Read “Mansa Musa” AP #3): Who was Mansa Musa and what was his role in West African trade?

Mansa Musa Powerful king, Extended kingdom (double the size) Strong central govt., kingdom divided into provinces Timbuktu- Islamic learning center – Pilgrimage to Mecca, wanted education in Mali – Built mosques and libraries Civil War, 1359 divided Mali, beginning of the end

Kingdom of Songhai Niger River Valley – Land very fertile (yearly flooding) Islamic kingdom Benefited from Muslim trade routes Askia the Great- expanded the kingdom, 1464 – Cities- Timbuktu and Jenne – Created a professional army – Gave total control of trade routes to Songhai – Ruled for over 30 years

Kingdom of Songhai Muhammad Ture- Golden Age ruler Expansion, peaceful and secure time After his reign entered into a decline By Songhai completely declined – Lacked modern weapons – Overthrown finally by North African armies

Assignment ! Read “Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca” and supporting text to prepare for RAFT writing RAFT Writing – R OLE – travel guide on Mansa Musa’s hajj – A UDIENCE – readers of an African Tourist Magazine – F ORMAT – informational article/ news report – T OPIC – different perspectives of the travelers on the hajj with Mansa Musa

Bell Ringer (in your notebooks) What kinds of rituals and ceremonies do we have in the United States? Do you celebrate any/all of them? What importance do they have to you?

AP #1: 1s to 2s Why do we wear masks today? For what events? Are they only ceremonial?

AP #2: 2s to 1s Are there meanings behind different colors in the United States? For example: does the color black make us think of specific things/events? Blue? Red? Green? White?

AP #3: Quick Write Why did you choose the decorative elements that you used in your mask? Why did you use the colors that you used? Anything else interesting you put into your mask? Needs to be at least 2 paragraphs long, of 5-6 sentences each!