NOTE: To change the image on this slide, select the picture and delete it. Then click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image. TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF DRUG ABUSE Dr Okonoda, Kingsley Mayowa, MBChB(Ife), FWACP(Psych) Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos/Jos University Teaching Hospital

Outline  Introduction  What are Drugs?  What is Drug Abuse?  Drugs of Abuse  Symptoms and Signs  Addiction as an Illness  Principles of Treatment and Rehabilitation

Introduction

What are drugs?  Technically speaking, they are chemical substances that affect the normal functioning of the body and/or brain.

 Drugs are chemicals that alter, block, or mimic chemical reactions in the brain. This causes an alteration of the body's normal processes, causing physical (Faster heartbeat, deeper respiration etc.), or mental (Elevated mood, new thought processes etc.) changes. -Urban online Dictionary

What is Drug Abuse?  Drug (substance) abuse is the use of any drug (substance) for an unintended purpose or in an excessive amount.  All drugs (substances), whether legal or illegal, have an impact on health when used in the wrong way. Different sub-stances have different effects on the body.

Types of Drugs 1. Legal (Licit) Drugs:  For example, caffeine (found in coffee or Coca-Cola), nicotine (in cigarettes) and alcohol are all technically legal drugs, although they are usually not referred to as such.  Medicines, whether prescribed by a doctor or available over the counter at pharmacies, are legal drugs to help us recover from illnesses.  They can also be abused.

2. Illegal (Illicit) Drugs:  Illegal drugs are drugs that are so harmful that countries across the world have decided to control them.  Countries have passed several international laws, in the form of United Nations conventions, that specify which drugs are controlled. Types of Drugs

Common Drugs of Abuse  Virtually any substance whose ingestion can result in a euphoric ("high") feeling can be abused.  Research reports from Nigeria show the following psycho-active substances as those commonly abused in West Africa, particularly Nigeria:

Common Drugs of Abuse  (a) alcohol;  (b) cannabis;  (c) hypno-sedatives (e.g., Valium, Ativan, sleeping pills);  (d) CNS stimulants (e.g., amphetamine-type stimulants, ATS);  (e) opiates (e.g., heroin, morphine, codeine);

 (f) solvents (e.g., glue, cleaning fluids, gaso- line);  (g) mild CNS stimulants (e.g., kolanuts, caf- feine, prophis, nicotine);  (h) synthetic substances (e.g., methaqualone);  (i) hallucinogens (e.g., LSD).

Criteria for Dependence (Addiction)  Craving: A strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the drug.  Loss of Control: A difficulty in controlling the onset, rate and termination of use.  Withdrawal: A physiological state occurring with ceassation/reduction of use.  Tolerance: Increasing quantity in order to achieve the same effects previously attained with smaller quantity.

 Primacy/Salience: Progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests because of psychoactive substance use, increased amount of time necessary to obtain or take the substance or to recover from its effects.  Use Despite Harm: Persisting with substance use despite clear evidence of overtly harmful consequences (which may be physical, psychological or social.)

What is Addiction?  Drug addiction is a complex illness.  The path to drug addiction begins with the act of taking drugs.  Over time, a person's ability to choose not to take drugs is compromised.

 This, in large part, is a result of the effects of prolonged drug use on brain functioning, and thus on behavior.  Addiction, therefore, is characterized by compulsive drug craving, seeking, and use that persists even in the face of negative consequences.



Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Abuse.

 Opposite Mining Quarters, State Low Cost, Rantya. NETWEALTH CONSULT LTD. Netwealth Consult Netwealth Medical Services Netwealth Centre for Addiction Management & Psychological Medicine Netwealth Training and Development

Netwealth Centre for Addiction Management, Jos.  Netwealth Centre for Addiction Management is a treatment and rehabilitation centre for people with alcohol and drug dependence.  Service Types:  1.Outpatient Treatment  2. Residential Treatment  3. Aftercare.

Our Services  1. Screening Services  2.Comprehensive Assessment  3.Detoxification  4.Non-residential Structured Programme  5.Residential Therapeutic Programme  6.Structured Family Therapy Programmes  7.Pharmacotherapy  8.Aftercare/follow up

Unique Selling Points  Our 14-bedded facility (10-male, 4-female) mimics the home environment, not like a conventional hospital setting.  There is provision of entrepreneurial training beyond the medical, psychiatric and psychosocial treatment.

Unique Selling Points  We have a strong programme content that is based on evidenced-based studies on what works.  A full complement of health professionals in the addiction industry.

Contact Us  Our Address: Netwealth Consult Ltd, Opposite Mining Quarters, State Low Cost, Rantya, Jos Plateau State  Phone No: , 

IDPC Theme 2015