DIET – IT’S A LIFESTYLE!

Key stages in life Why does the body require different amounts of energy during different stages? age; gender; body size; level of activity.

Key stages in life Pre-conception & Pregnancy Infants Pre-School Children School Children Teenagers/Adolescence Adulthood Older Adults

Pre-conception & Pregnancy Maintaining a healthy diet is important before conception to give the foetus the best developmental environment. What about male nutrition for pre-conception?! Optimal development of the foetus Supplements recommended before conception? What can a folic acid deficiency cause? Supplements during pregnancy? What can vitamin D supplementation avoid? Iron? What supplements should be avoided? Energy requirements? Eating for two?!

Infants Breastfeeding: Why is it important for the mother to eat a healthy, varied diet during this time? What should mothers avoid? Formula – what does it need to contain? Weaning – at what age should it start and for how long? Should any foods be avoided? Can a child be weaned onto a vegetarian diet?

Childhood Energy requirements are high relative to body size, as they are growing rapidly Eatwell plate model Pre-school: nutrient dense, protein, vits&minerals Dental Health School age: still growing and can be very active, maintaining a healthy weight

Teenagers Physiological, physical and behavioural changes occur Vitamin and mineral requirements are higher Healthy weight maintenance

Adulthood Nutritional requirements 5 a day Energy balance – Exercise vs food intake BMI Supplementation

Adult Health What can elevate the risks of diseases? WomenMen CancerAlcohol consumption – Breast cancer Being overweight > increased risk Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK and the second most common type of cancer in men in the world today. There is concern that a high calcium intake may increase cell growth and cell division in the prostate, which may provoke the development of cancer cells CVDMajor cause of death in post-menopausal women Diet high in sat fat/salt Heart disease is the leading cause of premature death amongst men. Inactivity, high sat fat/salt Type 2 diabetesObesity is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of type 2 diabetes

A balanced diet for adults To reduce the risk of developing these diseases, it is important to: eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables; opt for healthier fats; get enough dietary fibre; keep well hydrated; stay active; drink alcohol in moderation; not smoke.

Older Adults Energy requirements decrease 50yrs< Why might they eat less? How do we ensure that older adults maintain good health? Healthy Ageing Cognitive decline/ Stroke Osteoporosis