loyalty to the interest of your own region or section of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.

By the late 1820’s, different life styles in the sections of the US became more pronounced. Regional differences of opinion emerged, and the nation debated over the issues of: Slavery Tariffs (taxes) States’ Rights

The North In the 1840’s and 1850’s they began to oppose slavery. Abolitionists believed that slavery was morally wrong.

The South Slavery was an important part of the Southern economy. Southerners wanted to protect slavery in the South and felt that slavery must follow westward expansion.

Middle class farmers and lower class farmers supported slavery even though few had twenty slaves or more. They hoped to have slaves themselves. They were afraid of slave rebellion and competition from free blacks. Upper Class Many slaves Middle Class Had Few Slaves Lower Middle Class Had 1 or 2 Slaves Lower Class – Had No Slaves Slaves

The North Manufacturing was a growing industry Congress passed a very high protective tariff to protect Northern industries from European competition.

The South Southerners hated the tariff, calling it the “Tariff of Abominations” High rates increased the cost of foreign manufactured goods in the South

The North Supported federal policies that favored their political, economic, and social interests. Many southerners based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights. Southerners argued that this allowed them to ignore laws on slavery and tariffs if it conflicted with their beliefs. The South

 Republican president  Many southern states threatened to secede

 South Carolina and 10 other states secede, including Texas.  1861 – the Confederate States of America forms, also known as the Confederacy.  Jefferson Davis is elected the President of the CSA Flag of the Confederacy President Jefferson Davis

 Fort Sumter, South Carolina 1861  The Union held possession of the fort.  Reinforcements and supplies sent into harbor to help Union troops and were fired upon Fort Sumter 1861 Fort Sumter 1863

 North  Restore the Union  January 1, 1863 – The Emancipation Proclamation declared the end of slavery.  South  Win independence  Preserve slavery and Southern way of life

 Anaconda Plan- Winfield Scott’s Plan!  Blockade the southern coast and cut off shipping  Split the South by seizing control of Mississippi  Capture Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia

 Fight defensive war until North grew tired  Seize Washington, D.C.  Drive a wedge between the Northeast and West

NorthSouth Population22 million (71%) 9 million (29%) Bank Deposits81%19% Railroad mileage72%28% Factories85%15% Number of States2311 Soldiers (ages 15 – 40)4 million (78%) 1.14 million (22%) LeadershipNumber of commanders had serious weakness including lack of aggressiveness Number of very able commanders Naval Power40 ship U.S. navy, very large merchant marine Almost no sea power, very small merchant marine Strengths and Weaknesses of North and South