9/8 Warm Up On a sheet of paper answer the following questions to turn in

Setting up your composition notebook Table of Contents Unit 1: Scientific Inquiry Unit 1 GPS Scientific Method Notes

Unit 1 Scientific Inquiry

Biology The study of life!

Today’s Target  I can use experimental design to test hypotheses and identify sources of error in the procedure and design.  I can formulate a hypothesis based on relationships (If…Then)

Scientific Method Pg. ___

Scientific Method 1.Make an Observation see something unusual

– See something unusual – Frogs with incorrect number of legs! As we all know, frogs have four legs. What’s up with these froggies?

Recognize, state or define the problem Put it in the form of a question The obvious question is: – What is causing these deformities?

Scientific Method 2.Conduct Research collect information related to the problem

Where might you find information about the problem of frog deformities? Internet Dept of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) Veterinarian Library

Scientific Method 3.Make a Hypothesis: a. prediction of the outcome b. If IV, then DV, because format. c. testable / measureable

A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem or question- an educated guess. #1 The deformities were caused by chemical pollutants in the water #2 The deformities were caused by attacks from parasites living on the frogs #3 The deformities were caused by an increase in ultraviolet light from the sun

If-Then Statement If an increase in exposure to ultraviolet light is causing the deformities, then some frog eggs exposed to ultraviolet light in a lab will develop into deformities.

Scientific Method 4.Experiment a. Fair and Controlled b. Test only ONE variable c. multiple trials

Scientific Method 5. Collect / Record Data: tables, charts, measurements, observations.

Scientific Method 6. Analyze Data: graphs, patterns, trends.

Scientific Method 7. Conclusion: a.Restate hypothesis (accept or reject) b. Error, ways to improve. c.Ideas for new / other experiments

Did Frog egg Exposure to UV Light have an effect on deformities?

Scientific Method 8. Report your results a. Scientific journal, conference, peer review

Communication is an essential part of science –Scientists report their results in journals, on the internet, or at conferences –This allows their experiments to be evaluated and repeated –Scientists can build on previous work of other scientists

Today’s Target I can use experimental design to test hypotheses and identify sources of error in the procedure and design. I can formulate a hypothesis based on relationships (If…Then)

Writing a Hypothesis Pg. ___

If ________, then ____________ Independent variable (IV) – I change Dependent variable (DV) – I measure (outcome) IVDV

Must be testable

Must be specific If I study, then I will get good grades. If it is cloudy, then it will rain. If I eat healthy foods, then I will be healthier.

Today’s Target I can use experimental design to test hypotheses and identify sources of error in the procedure and design. I can formulate a hypothesis based on relationships (If…Then)

Experimental Design Pg. ___

Today’s Target  I can identify the independent and dependent variables in an experiment.

Experimental Design Variable = something that changes Independent Variable (I.V.) = “I” change; manipulated variable Dependent Variable (D.V.) = responding variable. I measure.

Independent (manipulated) variable vs. dependent (responding) variable IV Purposely changed Manipulated DV Changes as a response to the IV Responds

1.Will different color shampoos have an effect on hair growth? 2.Does the air pressure of a basketball effect how high it will bounce? 3.What brand of dog food will cause dogs to gain the most weight?

Which of the following variables changes? Independent Variable Dependent Variable Both Neither

Control = the group that does NOT receive the I.V.; the standard for comparison; the “Normal” version Constants = factors that stay the same through the entire experiment

Does fertilizer effect plant growth? 1 cup 2 cups 3 cupsNo fertilizer Plant APlant BPlant CPlant D

1.Will different color shampoos have an effect on hair growth? 2.Does the air pressure of a basketball effect how high it will bounce? 3.What brand of dog food will cause dogs to gain the most weight?

Does fertilizer effect plant growth? What is the independent variable? (ask yourself, “what do I change?”) What is the dependent variable? (ask yourself “what will I measure?”)

1.Does lifting weights improve muscle mass more than not lifting weights? IV, DV, control group, constants 2.Do different brands of bleach kill bacteria more than other brands? 3.Will cough syrup make a person fall asleep within 2 hours of consumption? 4.Does driving with the windows down use more gas?

Calculating the mean and range. PLANTAmount of FertilizerHeight Plant 12 cups6 inches Plant 23 cups9 inches Plant 34 cups4 inches Plant 4none5 inches When considering the height of the plants what is the mean? (average) (add all values and divide by the number of values) what is the range?

What do you notice about the data that seems unusual? Optimum- Best or most favorable point, degree, amount PLANTAmount of FertilizerHeight Plant 12 cups6 inches Plant 23 cups9 inches Plant 34 cups4 inches Plant 4none5 inches

Controlled experiment = An experiment where only one variable is changed at a time. All other variables are controlled.

Validity Demonstrates how accurately an experiment was designed and performed A Valid experiment has: 1.3 or more trials 2.Only 1 variable 3.A control group to use for comparison 4.Constants Validity = right

12. John investigated the effect of microwaving radish seeds on their growth. He exposed 4 different groups of seeds to 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds of microwave radiation. He used a setting of 3 on the microwave. Seeds were places in the same type of container and in the same location in the microwave. John then planted the seeds. At the end of two weeks, he measured the height in centimeters of the plants. IV: amount of time seeds exposed to microwave radiation DV: height of plants Constants: same type of container, location Control Group: Planting radish seeds that receive no radiation

13. Gloria wanted to find out if the color of food would affect whether kindergarten children would select it for lunch. She put food coloring in 4 identical bowls of mashed potatoes. The colors were red, green, yellow, and blue. Each child chose a scoop of potatoes of the color of their choice. IV: color of mashed potatoes DV: Number of times each color is chosen 2 constants: 1)identical bowl 2) amount of food coloring Control Group: Mashed potatoes without food coloring

14. Brenda wanted to see which color bird houses would be picked hthe most by birds. She painted the birdhouses the following colors: pink, blue, red, and green. She left one of the birdhouses natureal (with no paint). She recorded which house was chosen by families the quickest She repeated this experiment 5 times. IV: color of bird house DV: Number of times each birdhouse was visited Control Group: The natural unpainted birdhouse

15. Pea plant clones are given different amounts of water for a three-week period. The first pea plant receives 400 mL of extra water. The second pea plant receives 200 mL and the third pea plant receives 100 mL. The fourth pea plant does not receive any extra water. The height of the pea plants is recorded daily. IV: amount of extra water given DV: height of pea plants Control Group: Plant 4 that does not receive extra water

QUIZ next class! Define: Independent variable Dependent variable Constants Control Group Be able to identify each of these factors when given an experiment

Today’s Target I can identify the independent and dependent variables in an experiment