Chapter 7 highlights APES 2015 Mrs. Thompson
Key Ideas Discuss the Earth’s carrying capacity and limiting factors for the human population Describe human population growth using graphs, mathematical models and demographic information Evaluate factors that increase and decrease growth rates Analyze relationships among changes in population size, economic development and resource consumption at global and local scales Discuss attempts at sustainable development
Carrying Capacity Does the Earth have a carrying capacity for the Human Population? Turn and talk….what do you think?
Carrying Capacity For All other populations are affected by limiting factors….(Malthus) Some resources are non-renewable and we are using them up quickly Limits on access to food and water Against Humans innovate Technology increases productivity GMO and selective breeding increase yield New tools do more with less resources Bio-fuels and alternative energy
Carrying Capacity My prediction….Water will decide! 3% of all water is fresh water, and less than 30% of that 3% (so ….1%) is accessible for drinking AND much of that is being polluted!
Carrying Capacity Competing interests for water – Country to country (Canada/US over Columbia River…threatened to dam it at the border) – Region to Region (California’s extraction of water through aqueducts from the Colorado River…this is pissing off Mexico too as we are breaking treaties) – Sector to Sector (Water being diverted from agriculture for use in fracking in the Dakotas….breaking agreements with several agricultural states such as Illinois who helped pay for the reservoir system.)
Demography Study population change Terms for this chapter…. Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Migration rates Emigration Immigration Doubling time Growth Rate Total Fertility Rate Replacement Level fertility Life expectancy Infant/Child Mortality Rate
Age Structure/ Population Pyramid
Demographic Transistion Model of population change – As a country moves from subsistence economy towards industrialization…. – Birth rate declines (less need for large families) – Death rate declines (better sanitation, less harsh working conditions and better access to health care) – ….causing a predictable change in population
Demographic Transition Phase 1 slow growth Phase 2 Rapid growth Phase 3 stable growth Phase 4 declining growth
Consumption
Of the 6.8 billion people on earth – Only 1.3 billion live in developed countries – That means that 1/5 of the world’s population….consume over ½ of the world’s energy, water, and mineral resources – And have 2-10 times the environmental impact!
Ecological Footprint Worldwide Average is 2.7 Ha US has an average of 9.0 Ha China….1.8 Ha Haiti….0.5 Ha We will do some activities tomorrow to assess our own ecological footprints GFN/page/calculators/ GFN/page/calculators/