Prior to the monarchs taking control of their kingdom, how was Europe ruled? Chapter 5 –Monarchs Feudalism – lords were in control of the manor and the people who served him

I. Rise of Absolutism In the Middle Ages, Kings and Queens had limited power because of Feudal lords and the Church Around 1500 (end of the Middle Ages), European countries began to expand their power 1600’s-Rulers began to gain unlimited power and the church had little control over them

II. The Age of Absolutism The age of Absolutism takes the name from a series of European monarchs who increased the power of their central government.

Rule by Divine Right III. Characteristics of absolute monarchies: -They believed God created the monarchy and gave the monarchs the right to represent him on earth. Centralization of power –Kings and Queens believed that all power rested in their hands. They had the power to rule without limits.

IV. Louis XIV  Most powerful French monarch in France’s history.  France was the most powerful country in Europe during his reign. I am the State!

He built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of France’s wealth and power.

Louis XIV cancelled the Edict of Nantes, religious tolerance in France causing the Huguenots, French Protestants, to leave France.

Louis XIV weakened the nobility’s power. He died leaving his country in debt and resentful.

VII. Peter the Great Became Czar, ruler, of Russia. He carried out social and economic reforms to modernize and westernize his country.

His goals were to: Westernize Russia – make it more like European countries. Spent time in Europe learning about their industries. He built a cathedral in St. Petersburg It was important because it represented wealth and power. It was built near a warm water seaport.

Developed a sea route to Europe on the Baltic – St. Petersburg, which becomes Russia’s capital.  St. Petersburg became Russia’s only warm water port  It was the quickest route to Europe.

Starts a newspaper for the people of Russia to read. Changes he makes: Raised the women’s status. They were paid the same as the men doing the same job.

Absolute Monarch Illustrations

ABSOLUTE OBJECTIVES

Rise of English Monarchy Worksheet

English Monarchs

Political democracy rests on the principle that government derives it power from the consent of the governed. The foundations of English rights include the jury trial, the Magna Carta, and common law. The English Civil war and the Glorious Revolution prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen.

Henry VIII –Ruled –England –Attacked Martin Luther’s 95 Theses and became known as the Defender of Faith –Unable to get a male heir-asked the Catholic Church for a divorce Church denied him and he started his own branch of Christianity –Anglicanism »Anglican Church (Church of England)

Mary I –Ruled England – –Married Phillip II of Spain –Mary's first act was to repeal the Protestant legislation of her brother, Edward VI Putting England into a phase of severe religious persecution. Her major goal was the re-establishment of Catholicism in England Known as “Bloody Mary” because she had many Protestants in England killed –1557: War on France resulting in defeat and the loss of English continental possessions

Elizabeth I – England – –Made the Anglican Church the National Church of the British Isles

James I King James version of the Bible Believed the best government was an absolute monarchy

Charles I English monarch who was executed for treason by Cromwell and his followers after Charles I was defeated in the English Civil War. He spent more of England’s money than they made, which caused the poor to be taxed very highly.

English Civil War Cavaliers vs. Roundheads (Puritans) Charles I vs. Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell English soldier who seizes power as a result of the English Civil War. He had Charles I put to death for treason. He was known as Lord Protector. He was not a monarch. He made England a commonwealth. He ruled until his death.

Charles II English monarch, son of Charles I, who was restored to the throne upon the death of Cromwell. This time period is referred to as the Age of Restoration. Restored the monarchy to England

James II Became king in 1685 Flaunted being Catholic Dissolved the Parliament Lost throne as a result of the Glorious Revolution (against his daughter and son- in law)

Mary II Stuart ( ) and William III of Orange ( ) The Glorious Revolution, the bloodless overthrow of King James II, brought William and Mary to power as joint rulers of England.

English Bill of Rights of 1689– limited the monarchs power, which gave more power to parliament. Habeas Corpus – stated that a person cannot be held in prison without being charged with a crime and seen by a judge. By the end of the 1600s, England’s system of government became a Constitutional Monarchy

Glorious Revolution Worksheet

Magna Carta Worksheet

Objectives