Intro to Psychology Marinov

 Defined as a period of biological, cognitive, psychological, and social transition ◦ Early: begins at 10/11-14 (mostly physical changes) ◦ Late: sometimes well into the 20’s (career, dating, identity formation)

 Our perception of Adolescence = a product of the time period and context ◦ 1. mandatory education ◦ 2. federal Child Labor Laws ◦ 3. Industrialization

 Each perspective provides a unique “lens” for looking at the cause and formation of adolescence ◦ 1.Biological ◦ 2. Biological/Social ◦ 3. Behavior/Social Learning ◦ 4. Freudian/Psychoanalytic ◦ 5. Cognitive (Piaget)

 -”storm and stress”- adolescence is a product of tumultuous times ◦ Growth spurt ◦ Puberty (sexual maturation) ◦ Genetic component ◦ Gender/ sexuality identification

 Genetics + environmental causation ◦ Social component = home environment can influence and cause behavior  Home environment = parents, siblings, relationships

 Shaped by modeling or imitation of your home life (NOT a tumultuous time period) ◦ Behavior = sum of your socialization ◦ Behavior- malleable (can change) Margaret Mead- anthropological influence= culture culture-well defined roles- no turmoil culture-less defined roles- more turmoil

FreudErikson (neo-Freudian) -Individual SET by age 5 -Exposed to it all by then -Adolescence = for reworking through early material -8 stages of development -See pg. 205 in your book for all of the stages (infant-> adolescence->maturity)

 About intellectual development ◦ Not everyone reaches the last stage (formal operations) ◦ Review Piaget graphic organizer

 Puberty- a period of rapid growth and sexual change- goal is to produce an adult of size, shape, and sexual potential  Hypothalamus (base of brain)- limbic system=hormones=pituitary gland  GnRH= human growth hormone

 Hormone shifts lead to mood shifts BUT the psychological impacts of visible changes = greater psychological implications: ◦ Girls= early= self-conscious ◦ Boys= early= proud ◦ Girls = late = satisfied ◦ Boys = late = lack of confidence

 Stages = identity crisis, Goal = identity achievement ◦ 1. Id Diffusion= “ I don’t know what to think” ◦ 2. Foreclosure= “That’s the way I was brought up” ◦ 3. Moratorium= “I am working on my own sense of right and wrong” ◦ 4. Identity Achievement = “ I know what I believe and what is right for me”

 Process- moves progressively ◦ You start at either a “1” or a “2” ◦ Takes time ◦ Is uneven ◦ Open to re-evaluation