What Is Tobacco? Tobacco is a woody, shrub-like plant with large leaves. It has an estimated 4,000 chemicals.

Chemicals in Tobacco ► Nicotine- An addictive drug found in tobacco leaves and in all tobacco products. ► Carbon Monoxide- is a poisonous, colorless, odorless gas. ► Tar- a thick, oily, dark liquid that forms when tobacco burns.

Tobacco Terms ► Nicotine is an addictive drug, it is capable of causing a person cravings for the product. This can lead to many health problems. ► When smokers inhale, tar deposits form on the bronchi, which are passages through which air enters and spreads through the lungs.

Different types of Tobacco Products ► Cigarettes (most commonly used) ► Cigars ► Pipes ► Specialty Cigarettes ► Smokeless tobacco

Cigarettes ► Cigarettes put smokers at risk for emphysema and other lung and heart diseases, cancer, infertility and stroke. ► Cause bad breath, stain teeth and fingers, and cause the skin to wrinkle prematurely ► More than 400,000 cigarette smokers die from smoking-related illnesses every year.

Cigars ► Contain larger quantities of the same harmful substances as cigarettes ► One large cigar can contain as much tobacco as a packet of cigarettes ► Cigar smokers have a higher risk of developing cancer of the mouth, larynx and throat and a greater risk of dying from heart disease.

Pipes ► Contain larger quantities of the same harmful substances as cigarettes ► Use loose tobacco leaves ► Inhale less than cigarette smokers ► At risk of developing cancer of the lip, mouth and throat

Specialty Cigarettes ► Bidis – flavored, unfiltered cigarettes imported from India and other countries in Southeast Asia ► Kreteks (also called clove cigarettes) – imported from Indonesia, contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives. ► Both have higher concentrations of nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide than regular cigarettes.

Smokeless Tobacco ► Ground tobacco that is chewed or inhaled through the nose. ► Contains 15 times more nicotine than cigarettes ► Can lead to cancers of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, stomach and pancreas ► Also stains teeth and causes bad breath, tooth decay and gum disease

Health Risks of Tobacco ► Tobacco affects the following:  Nervous System  Circulatory System  Respiratory System  Digestive System

Health Risks Continued ► Withdrawal symptoms ► Stroke ► Heart disease ► Cancer ► Dulled taste buds ► Tooth decay ► Stomach ulcers ► High Cholesterol ► More frequent colds, asthma, allergies and other illnesses spark up. ► Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – condition in which passages in the lungs become swollen and irritated, eventually losing their elasticity. ► Cardiovascular disease- a disease of the heart and blood vessels.

Healthy Lung to Cancer Lung

Tobacco Addiction ► Nicotine is an extremely powerful and addictive drug. It is just as addictive as heroin and cocaine. ► It becomes very difficult to quit once you start because nicotine interferes with receptors of the brain. ► The brain sends a message to the heart to speed up and increase breathing rate. As this goes away you are left wanting more.

Tolerance and Dependence ► Tolerance- is a process in which the body needs more and more of a drug to get the same effect. ► Physical dependence- is a type of addiction in which the body itself feels a direct need for a drug. ► Psychological dependence- is an addiction in which the mind sends the body a message that it needs more of a drug.

The Path To Smoking Addiction 1. More than 80% of all adult smokers started before the age of 18 and become regular smokers. 2. More than a third of all teens who ever try one cigarette become, regular daily smokers before leaving high school. 3. Teens can feel symptoms of nicotine only days or weeks after they start smoking on an occasional basis. Addiction symptoms are felt well before teens begin to smoke daily. 4. The earlier in life smoking is first tried, the higher the chances of becoming a regular smoker and the lower the chances are of ever being able to quit.

Breaking the Tobacco Habit ► Prepare to stop- set a specific date. ► Get support and encouragement – let family and friends know you are quitting and ask for help and support. ► Find out about health services – Doctors, support groups, and certain organizations can help users quit. ► Change your daily routine – It helps to avoid smokers and routines that were part of the smoking life ► Follow a healthy lifestyle – Eat well, manage stress, and get plenty of physical activity to help you feel good without the use of tobacco.

Withdrawal ► Physical and psychological reactions that occur when someone stops using an addictive substance.  Symptoms include: ► Headaches ► Tiredness ► Increased hunger ► Jittery, restless feeling. ► Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT) – products that assist a person in breaking a tobacco habit

Relapse ► Is a return to the use of a drug after attempting to stop.  Most people attempt to quit several times before they succeed.  Some people may relapse several times or all their life because of routines. Take steps to break the habit.

Tobacco’s Costs to Society ► Tobacco companies spend $23 million on marketing. ► Tobacco companies spend $12.7 billion on advertising alone. ► U.S. spends $157 billion on health care costs related to tobacco use. ► That averages $632 per American per year.  The average smoker spends $255 a month on cigarettes

Tobacco Costs ► Smokers pay a higher health insurance rate than a non smoker. ► They are expected to live shorter lives than a non smoker  Female smokers lives are shortened by 5 years just by smoking ► Burning tobacco is a leading cause of forest fires and fires in the home

Nonsmokers Suffer??? ► Secondhand smoke – environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). This is a mixture of two forms of smoke from burning tobacco products.  Sidestream smoke – smoke that comes directly from a burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar  Mainstream smoke – smoke that is exhaled by a smoker. ► Sidestream smoke contains twice as much tar and nicotine as mainstream smoke.

► Passive smoker – a nonsmoker who breathes in secondhand smoke. ► Develop as many of the same health problems as people who smoke ► An estimated 40,000 nonsmokers die a year from heart disease, an additional 3,000 nonsmokers die of lung cancer. ► Each year between 150,000 and 300,000 infants and toddlers develop pneumonia or bronchitis from secondhand smoke (15,000 of them are hospitalized because of this). ► Secondhand smoke is estimated to cause between 200,000 to 1 million asthma attacks a year.

Unborn Children ► Pregnancy and tobacco do not mix. ► Smoking while pregnant increases the risk the baby will be born too soon and have developmental problems. ► Babies born to smoking moms also have lower birth weight than nonsmoking moms.  One reason for this is the baby gets too little oxygen. This is caused by the presence of carbon monoxide gas in the mother’s blood.

Choosing to be Tobacco Free ► Peer Pressure  At some point most teens will be offered tobacco.  Some will be strongly encouraged from friends to take that offer ► What will/would you do?  Negative Peer Pressure – pressure you feel to go along with harmful behaviors or beliefs of others your age

Choosing to be Tobacco Free ► Other Pressures  Family members – teens who live is homes that have tobacco in them are more likely to use tobacco  Advertising – TV, Magazines, Billboards, ect ► POINT OF SALES PROMOTIONS – advertising campaigns in which a product is promoted at a store’s checkout counter (catch your eye when you pay)  Media – TV shows and movies that show characters having fun while smoking

Choosing to be Tobacco Free ► Have friends with same view of not smoking ► Avoid situations where tobacco is used ► S.T.O.P Strategy  Say no in a firm voice  Tell why not  Offer other ideas  Promptly Leave ► Join a club ► Stay away from negative peer pressure

Nonsmoker’s Right ► You have the right to breath air that is tobacco free. Laws have been passed banning tobacco in restaurants, schools, airplanes, public transportation vehicles, and business.