PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT FEDERAL POLICY URBAN RIOTS Power and Organization.

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Presentation transcript:

PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT FEDERAL POLICY URBAN RIOTS Power and Organization

Big Names in early 20 th c. politics Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Movement Why did it gain steam? Why were urban machines vulnerable? ( p 101)

Some background _embedded&v=uFlOLyMwnjU# _embedded&v=uFlOLyMwnjU#! YouTube: The Progressive Era

Four Central Ideas of Progressivism Pragmatic Optimism Scientific Management Public Interest Government of Elites

Changing Structures Dillon’s Rule and Home Rule Influence of the National Municipal League (NML) Recommendations for structural change: strong mayor (1894) commission government (1911) council-manager (1916) Why is council-manager ‘progressive’ (see p )?

Has Reform Worked? A view from the research Elitist? Minority representation? Women’s representation? Do election boundaries affect representation and turnout?

Policy Administration Created by the Council Carried out by the manager Policy vs. Administration Things are never this neat in practice… and council-manager cities vary significantly as far as the discretion afforded to the city manager. Why? 1. Mission 2. Policy 3. Administration 4. Management

Structure = Performance? Council-Manager more efficient? Council-Manager less responsive to citizens? (not necessarily) Council-Manager less likely to undertake major projects? (definitely)

Smaller, faster, closer to the people… More like a ‘business’ Reinventing Government or, New Public Governance

What is federal urban policy? Administrations since the 1960’s have given lip service to the need for urban policy  Spatial efficiency amongst housing, commerce, jobs  Control hazards of city life  Opportunities for the poor (see p. 139)

Program Agency Urban renewal, urban industrial development, public housing, transportation, welfare, public health, crime, housing, education, income tax incentives, military spending Housing and Development (HUD), Transportation (DOT), Department of Human and Social Services (HSS), Justice, Treasury, Defense Federal Urban Programs and Agencies

Federalism What is it? Why is it important to a discussion about urban policy? Why is the structure of Congressional committees important? 3 different kinds of policy (Peterson, Lowi): Redistributive, Distributive (Allocational), Developmental According to this view, Why would cities avoid redistributive policies?

Different US eras for urban policy The New Deal Post WWII Kennedy-Johnson era Nixon years Reagan and Bush I Clinton era The Devolution Revolution

Difficulties of a Federal Role Evidence of Paradox… No united federal voice, or consensus that an urban policy is necessary. Cities are not a federal ‘constituency,’ and will pursue developmental (not redistributive) policies Dramatic changes track with presidential administrations Ideas guide federal policy (eg cooperative federalism, devolution)

Power and Leadership What is power? Reputational power (Hunter) Pluralism (Dahl) Forms of political resources (p. 175) Pluralism or Elitism? You find what you’re looking for!

the Urban Regime Clarence Stone and systemic power Informal system of cooperation in civic life Political resources include: economic position, associational position, social position and life style

3 Cities Factors influencing a city leader’s power (p ) Political structures Federal and state government Private sector Organized citizens Bureaucracy Changing economic conditions Controls on patronage Press Resource limitations Fragmentation

L.A., Chicago, New York Tom Bradley Richard Daley Robert Moses Richard Riordan Richard Daley Rudolph Giuliani Then and Now

Civil Rights in Tacoma