Tuesday, January 5 th Big Idea: What are cells? Daily target: I can explain that the cell is a system with parts that work together. Homework: Entry Task: Conclusion: Plan for Today: Go over rest of organelle power point Watch video on the organelles 7 min Vocabulary: Tissue: A group of similar cells that perform the same function Organ: A structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue

Cell Differentiation – Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to do…it is specialized. I am a heart cell! I am a skin cell I’m a Prison Cell!

Cell Wall – Cell Walls are only in plant cells – They make the cell strong and rigid – They are like a turtle’s shell (but only plants have them…that’s why grass stands straight up!)

Cell Membrane – The cell membrane holds the cell together and allows nutrients into the cell. – It’s just like a turtle’s skin - the cell membrane is on the edge of a cell.

Nucleus – The nucleus controls the cell. – It is the largest organelle in the cell and contains the cell’s DNA. – The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain.

Cytoplasm – Cytoplasm is the watery gel (Jello!) inside a cell….it’s goop! It holds the ORGANelles. – Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and other liquids.

Nuclear Membrane – The nuclear membrane allows substances to pass in and out of the nucleus. – It surrounds the nucleus (the brain) like the turtle’s skull…protects it.

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2.Ribosomes – Function: makes proteins – Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Nickname: “Roads” – Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum  2 Types: 1.Rough ER:  Rough appearance because it has ribosomes  Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes 2.Smooth ER:  NO ribosomes  Function: makes fats or lipids

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4.Golgi Complex – Nickname: The shippers – Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell – Appearance: stack of pancakes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5.Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes – Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” – Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells – Only Animal Cells have Lysosomes

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6.Mitochondria – Nickname: “The Powerhouse” – Function: Energy formation – Breaks down food to make ATP – ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Chromatin/DNA – complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein and RNA. DNAproteinRNA – The primary functions of chromatin – to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell – to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, – to prevent DNA damage – to control gene expression and DNA replication. – Thread-Like structures in the nucleus with instructions to operate the cell (The Brain )

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7.Vacuoles – Function: stores water – This is what makes lettuce crisp – When there is no water, the plant wilts

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8.Chloroplasts – Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell – Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9.Cell Wall – Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane – Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells