Bell Work: 4/15/14 TCAP PRACTICE QUESTIONS Complete question #26-30 Please do NOT write in TCAP booklet! Bubble in the correct answer on the bubble sheet provided. Scan your bubble sheet and record your score. We will discuss the questions after everyone has scanned. You have 5 minutes to answer the questions. Your time starts as soon as the bell rings.

Chp : Objectives Covered O SPI Use a table of physical properties to classify minerals. O SPI Label a diagram that depicts the three different rock types. O SPI Identify the major processes that drive the rock cycle. O SPI Differentiate among the characteristics of the earth’s three layers. O SPI Recognize that lithospheric plates on the scale of continents and oceans continually move at rates of centimeters per year. O SPI Describe the relationship between plate movements and earthquakes, mountain building, volcanoes, and sea floor spreading. O SPI Analyze and evaluate the impact of man’s use of earth’s land, water, and atmospheric resources.

Mineral Identification 1. Color O Not the best way to identify a mineral because the same mineral can come in a variety of colors or different minerals can also be the same color 2. Luster O the way a surface reflects light (metallic, pearly, waxy, etc.) 3. Streak O the color of the powder that a mineral leaves behind 4. Cleavage/Fracture O The different ways a mineral can break (smooth/flat or rough/jagged) 5. Hardness O a mineral’s resistance to being scratched (Mohs Hardness Scale 1 (soft: Talc)-10 (hardest: Diamond) 6. Density O the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance; the measure of how much matter (mass) is in a given amount of space (volume) 7. Special Properties O Special characteristics of a mineral (fluorescence, odor, magnetism)

3 Types of Rocks Igneous RocksSedimentary RocksMetamorphic Rocks How: Forms when magma (hot, liquid rock) cools and hardens Where: on the Earth’s surface (extrusive) or beneath the Earth’s surface (intrusive) Example: Obsidian How: when rocks are broken down into sediments and those pieces of sediment form layers that are compacted and cemented together Where: on the Earth’s surface from weathering, erosion, & deposition Example: Sandstone How: rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition of the rock have changed because of heat and pressure Where: deep within the Earth (below the surface) Example: Marble

Processes of the Rock Cycle 1. Melting: O Under extreme heat, rocks can melt into magma 2. Cooling and Hardening: O Magma will cool and harden into igneous rocks 3. Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition: O Weathering breaks down the rocks O Erosion carries the sediments away O Deposition drops the sediments (like it’s hot!) 4. Compaction and Cementation: O Sediments create layers and over time these layers are compacted and cemented together 5. Heat and Pressure: O Under extreme heat and pressure rocks can change form (metamorphism)

Layers of the Earth 1. Crust O outermost layer of Earth; thinnest layer (1% of Earth's mass); two types of crust: continental and oceanic crust 2. Mantle O thickest layer of Earth between the crust and core (67% of Earth's mass); solid rock that flows (silly putty rock- convection currents) 3. Outer Core O liquid iron and nickel 4. Inner Core O Solid iron and nickel

Plate Tectonics O Tectonic Plates: O parts of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere (middle mantle) O Types of boundaries: O Transform- plates slide past each other causing earthquakes O Divergent- plates move apart causing sea-floor spreading and volcanoes O Convergent- plates collide causing mountains and volcanoes O Pangaea: O Alfred Wegener believed that the continents were one single landmass called Pangaea, they separated, and drifted apart to how they are today (continental drift)

Earth’s Resources Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources O Resources that can be renewed or used again in our life time (fresh water, solar power, trees, etc.) O Resources that cannot be renewed or used again in our life time; once it is used, it is gone and will take hundreds, upon thousands of years to renew (fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas)