The Skeletal System

Vocabulary Skeletal System: A system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue. Cartilage: Flexible tissue that provides cushioning at your joints. Joint: Points at which bones meet. Ligament: Strong cords of tissue that connect bone to bone at joints. Tendon: Tough bands of tissue that attach muscle to bone.

Jobs of Bones Movement: Bones provide attachment points for muscles. The body moves when a muscle pulls on a bone. Support: Your backbone is made up of 24 bones called…vertebrae. The backbone supports your upper body and head. Protection: –Cranium: Protects your brain –Ribs and Sternum: Protect your lungs and heart –Pelvis: Protects and supports your internal organs –Spinal Column: Protects your spinal cord.

Jobs of Bones Blood Cell Formation: Red and white blood cells are formed by a tissue called marrow which is located in the center of your long bones. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus for later use by the body

The Skeleton Skull / Cranium Clavicle Rib Cage Sternum Humerus Ulna Radius Ilium Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Coccyx Vertebrae

Spongy Bone Blood Vessels Marrow Periosteum

The Joints Hinge: Only move in one direction –Elbow –Knee Gliding: Allow bones to slide over each other –Wrists –Ankles Pivot: Allows for bone rotation –Tibia & Fibula –Radius & Ulna –Neck & Skull Ball & Socket: Can move in all directions –Hip –Shoulder

Problems ProblemDescriptionTreatment / Prevention Fracture A break in the bone Bones are set into place and kept from moving usually in a cast Dislocation Bone coming out of it’s joint Bones are set back into place and kept from moving usually in a splint Sprain Swelling of a joint cause by overstretched ligaments Rest / restricted movement of the joint Arthritis Swelling and stiffness of the joints caused by wear and tear Pain relievers / anti- inflammatory medication / replacement

Problems ProblemDescription Treatment / Prevention Scoliosis Curvature of the spine Exercise if minor / braces or surgery for severe Osteomyelitis Bacterial infection of the bone Antibiotics Osteoporosis Bones become brittle due to lack of calcium, protein, and hormones Regular exercise / diet rich in calcium Osteoscarcoma Bone Cancer Chemotherapy / radiation