Changing Views of the Universe In the 1500s and 1600s people began to question long-held beliefs about the Earth’s being the center of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus wrote that the Earth and other planets revolved around the sun. Galileo Galilei used his telescope to observe the moons of Jupiter in orbit. This supported the idea that the planets orbited the sun. The Church would not accept this fact. 1 of 6 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 5: The Scientific Revolution Witness History Audio: Mountains on the Moon Note Taking Transparency 105

2 of 6 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 5: The Scientific Revolution A New Scientific Method By the early 1600s scientists had begun using the scientific method of observing and reasoning to come up with a hypothesis that was then tested through further observation or experimentation. Two great early practitioners of this method were Francis Bacon and René Descartes. Breakthroughs In Medicine and Chemistry Using the scientific method, physicians studied the human body. Andreas Vesalius published the first accurate study of human anatomy in 1543.They also made discoveries that saved lives such as Ambroise Paré’s antibacterial ointment. Chemists, too, made many advances and Robert Boyle explained much about elements, compounds, and the behavior of gases.

3 of 6 The Renaissance and Reformation Section 5: The Scientific Revolution Isaac Newton and Links the Sciences Isaac Newton came up with the theory that gravity keeps planets in their orbits around the sun. He used physics and astronomy to determine that nature follows uniform laws. Color Transparency 76: Holbein’s The Ambassador QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency QuickTake Chapter Test

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