Unit 4 Table of Contents: Wealth and Slavery Title/Description 1.Bellwork 2.Notes: Carolina’s Early Economy 3.Early Economy Pictures 4.Native American Trade Handout 5.Notes: Mercantilism 6.Mercantilism Diagram 7.Mercantilism Handout 8.Notes: Colonial Cash Crops: Rice 9.Rice Cultivation Handout

10.Notes: Colonial Cash Crops: Indigo 11.Eliza Lucas Pinckney Reading 12.Notes: Plantation System 13.A Lowcountry Plantation in 1740 Handout 14.Notes: Slave Trade 15.Slave Population Graphs 16.Notes: Gullah 17.Gullah Handout 18.Notes: Stono Rebellion and Slave Codes 19.Stono Rebellion Handout 20.Slave Code Scenarios

Bellwork: Thursday Oct. 1 st What are some natural resources in South Carolina that could be used as economic opportunities?

Bellwork: Friday Oct. 2 nd Is it better for a country to import or export a product? Explain your answer.

Bellwork: Monday Oct. 5 th

Bellwork: Tuesday Oct. 6 th This lady, and her family, played an extremely important part in SC’s history. What do you think this lady did to contribute to SC becoming an extremely wealthy and successful colony?

Bellwork: Wednesday Oct. 7 th Why were plantations necessary to the South Carolina economy?

Bellwork: Thursday Oct. 8 th Answer questions relating to this map in the Bonus Question Box on the Bellwork Page

Bellwork: Monday Oct. 12 th List 5 examples from the Gullah culture

Bellwork: Tuesday Oct. 13 th Slaves made up the majority of the population in colonial South Carolina. How were plantation owners able to control the slave population despite being outnumbered?

Carolina’s Early Economy

Early Economy of the Carolina Colony Planned as an agricultural colony …goal is to make $$$ No cash crop in the beginning….. They tried lots of tropical crops….sugar, oranges, lemons…even silk worms…but none of them grew well in Carolina.

1. Deerskin Trade

Europeans Would Trade This……..

And Eventually This……..

For This….Which the Native Americans were able to provide

2. Pitch and Tar (Naval Stores)

3. Barrels

4. Cattle

Trade with Barbados Most of the original settlers in the Carolina colony came from Barbados They taught us about the plantation system and the use of slave labor South Carolina stayed on friendly terms with Barbados

Developed a trade system with them We sold them cattle and Native American slaves They gave us West African slaves that brought laborers to the Carolina colony The West African slaves brought with them their knowledge of cattle herding and rice planting

Assignment: 1. On p. 3, draw, label and color the things the Carolina colony did to make money 2. Homework: Complete the Deerskin Trade Handout and finish the economy pictures

Mercantilism

Mercantilism An economic system whereby the mother country (England) controlled trade in order to export more goods than they import An economic system whereby the mother country (England) controlled trade in order to export more goods than they import Goal: Get more gold/silver and become wealthy and powerful Goal: Get more gold/silver and become wealthy and powerful

S.C. served as both a source of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods S.C. served as both a source of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods This lessens the dependence on foreign trade and improves their balance of trade This lessens the dependence on foreign trade and improves their balance of trade The British government encourages the development of new products by giving subsidies The British government encourages the development of new products by giving subsidies Ex: Indigo

Mercantilism Diagram p. 6

Colonial Cash Crops- rice

Cash Crop: a crop grown for the sole purpose of making money South Carolina’s two main cash crops during the colonial period were rice and indigo

Rice Known as “Carolina Gold” for its value and color For rice to grow, it must be very wet….SC had an abundance of tidal rivers and swamps……in the Lowcountry Growing rice required many laborers Slaves from West Africa were used….not only provided the labor but they also knew how to grow and harvest rice

Steps to Growing and Selling Rice

Step 1 Plant the rice seed in freshwater swamps along the coastal rivers

Step 2 Flood the rice fields 3 times a growing season

Step 3 Have slaves build dikes that surround the rice fields

Step 4 Build a sluiceway or a floodgate

Step 5 Once the plants have matured, they need to be cut and dried

Step 6 The rice needs to be threshed (when you cut the grain from the stalk)

Step 7 Use a mortal and pestle to hull the rice

Step 8 Pour the mixture of rice and hulls into large fanner baskets

Winnowing House

Step 9 Female slaves fan the rice into their air and the wind blows the hulls away

Step 10 Put the rice into barrels for shipment

Answer Questions on p. 9 in your notebook Questions to Carolina Gold Reading p. 55Questions to SC’s Indigo Girl p Who brought rice to the New World?1. What was the plant used to make bluish-purple dye? 2. What valuable knowledge did the West African slaves bring with them? 2. What was this plant used for? 3. Where must rice be grown?3. Who is responsible for successfully growing this plant? 4. How much more rice in millions of pounds were exported in the 1740s vs. the 1720s? 4. What impact did this have on the SC economy? 5. What occurred that caused rice to decline “momentarily?” 5. How did the government encourage the growing of indigo? 6. How many millions pounds of rice did SC produce six decades after being introduced to it? 6. Who did Eliza marry? 7. What dethroned rice in the 1800s?7. Who was their most famous son? Why? 8. Answer the two questions from the box “Improved Transportation.” (underneath where it says: What do you think?) 8. What other son served as the governor of SC?

Colonial Cash Crops- indigo

Indigo A plant used to make a highly valued blue dye England was offering subsidies (bonus payments) an incentive to anyone who grew it South Carolinians had attempted to grow indigo when the colony was first settled, but no one had success

Eliza Lucas Pinckney 16 yr. old….left in charge of her father’s plantation 16 yr. old….left in charge of her father’s plantation Experimented with different seeds and processing methods Experimented with different seeds and processing methods Produced a good quality dye and shared her seeds and success with others Produced a good quality dye and shared her seeds and success with others Cultivation of indigo spread rapidly and became the colony’s second greatest export next to rice Cultivation of indigo spread rapidly and became the colony’s second greatest export next to rice

Steps to Growing Indigo in SC

Step #1 After the indigo has been grown successfully and harvested, you will need to cut the plant

Step #2 Soak the plant in a large vat of water

Step #3 Transfer plant to a 2 nd vat and add the mineral lime in order to extract the dye

Step #4 Stir with paddles for several hours

Step #5 Drain water into a 3 rd vat and allow the dye to slowly sink to the bottom of the vat

Step #6 Dye needs to be dried and cut into small blocks

Step #7 Dye blocks are packaged and shipped

Plantation System

The economy of SC was largely based on the plantation system which depended on slave labor Brought to us by the people of Barbados

Plantation System Large farms with few owners and many laborers (slaves). Basically self-sufficient…. Nearly everything the plantation needed they could make/produce themselves. The plantation system was brought with early settlers to Carolina from Barbados.

Cash crops in the South Carolina Colony Cash crops developed: Rice and indigo

LABOR NEEDS Both indigo and rice were labor intensive They needed large #’s of workers to grow and process the crops – much of the work had to be done by hand.

Native American slaves were not enough to satisfy the huge labor demands (many died from disease). The Colonists imported thousands of slaves from Africa to fill their need for laborers. African slaves were also used to harvest the naval stores and lumber from the Carolina forest

Slave Trade

African Slave Trade Most slaves brought to SC came from the WEST coast of Africa.

Sometimes called Senegal, Gambia or the Ivory Coast. Colonial slave owners in SC preferred slaves from this region because they were familiar with the complicated process of growing rice. They also knew about cattle herding

As a result of the knowledge, SC developed a flourishing trade in cattle and rice that made the planters very wealthy It also made SC one of the most economic successes of the British colonial system

Triangular trade Trade with Europeans, American Colonist in North America and the Caribbean, and Africa. Slaves stopped in Barbados, or other Caribbean Islands before coming to SC

Slave Trade Grows As the cash crops in Carolina became more successful and profitable, the slave trade grew. Key Terms: Middle passage Seasoning the slaves Sullivans Island = African American’s “Ellis Island” (quarantine)

Gullah

Gullah Slaves brought their African culture with them Gullah: was a spoken language of Africans that developed in the Sea Islands off the coasts of SC/GA (Geechee) Unique to the coastal region because of the area’s limited access and large concentration of Africans

Gullah Culture Also a unique culture…ways of dressing, wood carvings, basket weaving, music and dance, games, foods and food preparation, stories, religious beliefs etc. Especially prominent on the Sea Islands because of the isolation of large #’s of slaves.

Gullah Culture Music: Call and response songs Drums: Communication until banned Foods: Yams, Peanuts Crafts: baskets Beliefs/Customs

Stono Rebellion

Population Imbalance Slave pop. Greatly outnumbered free pop. In Colonial SC. In some places, esp. along the coast, the slave pop. Sometimes outnumbered the free pop. By over 100 to 1. (Esp. in the summer months when the planters left to escape mosquitoes).

Population Imbalance Pop. Imbalance lead to great fear among free pop. Of a slave insurrection, rebellion or revolt.

Stono Rebellion Slave revolt along the Stono River in Colonial Carolina near Charles Towne Started when a small group of slaves who wanted to escape to Florida There was a rumor that Spanish would set them free

Stono Rebellion Some slaves joined. Some slaves refused to join – fear, loyalty, felt it was hopeless, wanted reward for loyalty.

Result of Stono Rebellion Much stricter control of slaves in hopes of preventing another rebellion.

Slave Codes Originally called the “Negro Act of 1740” Designed to control every aspect of a slave’s life Ex: Slaves were not allowed to dress in a way “above” the conditions of slaves

Slave Codes A list of many laws designed to keep slaves under control and restrict their freedoms. Originally came from Barbados No traveling w/out permission/pass, no guns, no alcohol, cannot learn to read and/or write, no congregation, etc.