1. Bellwork: Wednesday 9/28
What are some natural resources in South Carolina that could be used as economic opportunities?

2. Bellwork: Thursday 9/29
Is it better for a country to import or export a product? Explain your answer.

3. Bellwork: Friday 9/30 1. Name two cities located in the Lowcountry
2. Name two cities located in the Backcountry
3. Name one city that is located in the midlands of SC

4. Bellwork: Monday 10/3
This lady, and her family, played an extremely important part in SC’s history. What do you think this lady did to contribute to SC becoming an extremely wealthy and successful colony?

5. Bellwork: Tuesday 10/4
Why were plantations necessary to the South Carolina economy?

6. Bellwork: Wednesday 10/5 Determine what this map is displaying
Bellwork: Wednesday 10/5 Determine what this map is displaying. Next, write a question in which the map answers it.

7. Bellwork: Thursday 10/6
List 5 examples from the Gullah culture

8. Bellwork: Friday 10/7
Slaves made up the majority of the population in colonial South Carolina. How were plantation owners able to control the slave population despite being outnumbered?

9. Carolina’s Early Economy
This goes on p. 3-4

10. Early Economy of the Carolina Colony
Planned as an agricultural colony …goal is to make $$$
No cash crop in the beginning…..
They tried lots of tropical crops….sugar, oranges, lemons…even silk worms…but none of them grew well in Carolina.

11. 4 Things the Carolina Colony Did to Make Money

12. 1. Deerskin Trade

15. Europeans Would Trade This……..

17. And Eventually This……..

18. For This….Which the Native Americans were able to provide

19. 2. Pitch and Tar (Naval Stores)

22. 3. Barrels

23. 4. Cattle

24. Trade with Barbados
Most of the original settlers in the Carolina colony came from Barbados
They taught us about the plantation system and the use of slave labor
South Carolina stayed on friendly terms with Barbados

25. Developed a trade system with them
We sold them cattle and Native American slaves
They gave us West African slaves that brought laborers to the Carolina colony
The West African slaves brought with them their knowledge of cattle herding and rice planting

26. Assignment:
1. On p. 5, draw, label and color the things the Carolina colony did to make money
2. Homework: Complete the Deerskin Trade Handout (it goes on p. 6….will be checked tomorrow)

27. Mercantilism
This goes on p. 7

28. Mercantilism
An economic system whereby the mother country (England) controlled trade in order to export more goods than they import
Goal: Get more gold/silver and become wealthy and powerful

29. S.C. served as both a source of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods
This lessens the dependence on foreign trade and improves their balance of trade
The British government encourages the development of new products by giving subsidies
Ex: Indigo

30. Mercantilism Diagram p. 6

31. Colonial Cash Crops-rice
This goes on p

32. Cash Crop: a crop grown for the sole purpose of making money
South Carolina’s two main cash crops during the colonial period were rice and indigo

33. Rice Known as “Carolina Gold” for its value and color
For rice to grow, it must be very wet….SC had an abundance of tidal rivers and swamps……in the Lowcountry
Growing rice required many laborers
Slaves from West Africa were used….not only provided the labor but they also knew how to grow and harvest rice

34. Steps to Growing and Selling Rice

35. Step 1
Plant the rice seed in freshwater swamps along the coastal rivers

36. Step 2
Flood the rice fields 3 times a growing season

37. Step 3
Have slaves build dikes that surround the rice fields

38. Step 4
Build a sluiceway or a floodgate

39. Step 5
Once the plants have matured, they need to be cut and dried

40. Step 6
The rice needs to be threshed (when you cut the grain from the stalk)

41. Step 7
Use a mortal and pestle to hull the rice

42. Step 8
Pour the mixture of rice and hulls into large fanner baskets

43. Winnowing House

44. Step 9
Female slaves fan the rice into their air and the wind blows the hulls away

45. Step 10
Put the rice into barrels for shipment

46. Colonial Cash Crops-indigo
This goes on p

47. Indigo A plant used to make a highly valued blue dye
England was offering subsidies (bonus payments) an incentive to anyone who grew it
South Carolinians had attempted to grow indigo when the colony was first settled, but no one had success

48. Eliza Lucas Pinckney
16 yr. old….left in charge of her father’s plantation
Experimented with different seeds and processing methods
Produced a good quality dye and shared her seeds and success with others
Cultivation of indigo spread rapidly and became the colony’s second greatest export next to rice

49. Steps to Growing Indigo in SC

50. Step #1
After the indigo has been grown successfully and harvested, you will need to cut the plant

51. Step #2
Soak the plant in a large vat of water

52. Step #3
Transfer plant to a 2nd vat and add the mineral lime in order to extract the dye

53. Step #4
Stir with paddles for several hours

54. Step #5
Drain water into a 3rd vat and allow the dye to slowly sink to the bottom of the vat

55. Step #6
Dye needs to be dried and cut into small blocks

56. Step #7
Dye blocks are packaged and shipped

57. Plantation System
This goes on p

58. Plantation System
The economy of SC was largely based on the plantation system which depended on slave labor
Brought to us by the people of Barbados

59. Plantation System
Large farms with few owners and many laborers (slaves). Basically self- sufficient…. Nearly everything the plantation needed they could make/produce themselves.
The plantation system was brought with early settlers to Carolina from Barbados.

60. Cash crops in the South Carolina Colony
Cash crops developed: Rice and indigo

61. LABOR NEEDS Both indigo and rice were labor intensive
They needed large #’s of workers to grow and process the crops – much of the work had to be done by hand.

62. Native American slaves were not enough to satisfy the huge labor demands (many died from disease).
The Colonists imported thousands of slaves from Africa to fill their need for laborers.
African slaves were also used to harvest the naval stores and lumber from the Carolina forest

63. Slave Trade
This goes on p

64. African Slave Trade
Most slaves brought to SC came from the WEST coast of Africa.

65. Sometimes called Senegal, Gambia or the Ivory Coast.
Colonial slave owners in SC preferred slaves from this region because they were familiar with the complicated process of growing rice.
They also knew about cattle herding

66. As a result of the knowledge, SC developed a flourishing trade in cattle and rice that made the planters very wealthy
It also made SC one of the most economic successes of the British colonial system

67. Triangular trade
Trade with Europeans, American Colonist in North America and the Caribbean, and Africa.
Slaves stopped in Barbados, or other Caribbean Islands before coming to SC

68. Slave Trade Grows
As the cash crops in Carolina became more successful and profitable, the slave trade grew.
Key Terms:
Middle passage
Seasoning the slaves
Sullivans Island = African American’s “Ellis Island” (quarantine)

69. Gullah
This goes on p. 22

70. Gullah Slaves brought their African culture with them
Gullah: was a spoken language of Africans that developed in the Sea Islands off the coasts of SC/GA (Geechee)
Unique to the coastal region because of the area’s limited access and large concentration of Africans

71. Gullah Culture
Also a unique culture…ways of dressing, wood carvings, basket weaving, music and dance, games, foods and food preparation, stories, religious beliefs etc.
Especially prominent on the Sea Islands because of the isolation of large #’s of slaves.

72. Gullah Culture Music: Call and response songs
Drums: Communication until banned
Foods: Yams, Peanuts
Crafts: baskets
Beliefs/Customs

73. Stono Rebellion
This goes on p

74. Population Imbalance
Slave pop. Greatly outnumbered free pop. In Colonial SC.
In some places, esp. along the coast, the slave pop. Sometimes outnumbered the free pop. By over 100 to 1. (Esp. in the summer months when the planters left to escape mosquitoes).

75. Population Imbalance
Pop. Imbalance lead to great fear among free pop. Of a slave insurrection, rebellion or revolt.

76. Stono Rebellion
Slave revolt along the Stono River in Colonial Carolina near Charles Towne
Started when a small group of slaves who wanted to escape to Florida
There was a rumor that Spanish would set them free

77. Stono Rebellion Some slaves joined.
Some slaves refused to join – fear, loyalty, felt it was hopeless, wanted reward for loyalty.

78. Result of Stono Rebellion
Much stricter control of slaves in hopes of preventing another rebellion.

79. Slave Codes Originally called the “Negro Act of 1740”
Designed to control every aspect of a slave’s life
Ex: Slaves were not allowed to dress in a way “above” the conditions of slaves

80. Slave Codes
A list of many laws designed to keep slaves under control and restrict their freedoms.
Originally came from Barbados
No traveling w/out permission/pass, no guns, no alcohol, cannot learn to read and/or write, no congregation, etc.