W.O.T.D: Eclipse: The partial or complete obscuring of one celestial body by another; to darken LT: I can explain what causes tides. I can explain the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse Ms. Ware- Earth Science- DO NOW: Shade in the moon phases on the Worksheet I have given you. HW: Finish Crossword puzzle

W.O.T.D.: Insolation: Incoming solar radiation; rays of heat from the sun L.T. I can explain the difference between solar and lunar eclipses. I can explain what causes seasons Ms. Ware~ Earth Science~ 11/10/09 Do Now: Label the phases of the moon on the worksheet (use terms like waxing gibbous, waning crescent, new moon, etc.)

What’s the difference between solar and lunar eclipses? Moon blocks Sun from Being seen moon goes into Earth’s shadow

The next solar ecllipse:July 2010

ce/space/solarsystem/sun/ solareclipse.shtml Video on solar eclipse: eclipse-video-ap.html

Next partial lunar: Dec 31 st, Full: Dec 21 st 2010

Why don’t we have Why don’t we have solar and lunar eclipses solar and lunar eclipses every month? every month?The moon’s orbit is tilted 5° from the Earth’s orbit.

What causes an eclipse? Earth Sun Lunar Eclipse Solar Eclipse

In notebooks- Write the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse…

Seasons What causes the seasons?

True color images June December March September

What Causes Earth’s Seasons? Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees – it always points in the same direction (Polaris, the North Star) as we orbit our Sun once a year This tilt causes the seasons!

Insolation: INcoming SOLar raDIATION More daylight hours, more direct sunlight Northern Hemisphere Summer

Animation mations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.htmlhttp://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoani mations/animations/01_EarthSun_E2.html

Earth’s orbit is almost a perfect circle Earth is CLOSEST to our Sun (91 million miles) in winter—January 3 Earth is farthest from on our Sun (94 million miles) in summer –July 4

Figure 6h-6: During the equinoxes, the axis of the Earth is not tilted toward or away from the Sun and the circle of illumination cuts through the poles. This situation does not suggest that the 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth no longer exists. The vantage point of this graphic shows that the Earth's axis is inclined 23.5 degrees toward the viewer for both dates (see Figures 6h-3 and 6h- 4). The red circles shown in the graphic are the Arctic Circle.

Height of Sun for USA Winter: The Sun rises in the southeast, stays low in the sky, and sets in the southwest. Spring: The Sun rises due east, moves higher in the sky than in winter, and sets due west. Summer: The Sun rises in the northeast, travels high (near zenith), and sets in the northwest. Fall: The Sun rises due east, travels to a medium- height in the sky, and sets due west.

Daylight Hours Across the Globe Time is indicated as number of hours (h) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.5 h 11 h 12 h 12.5 h 13 h 14 h 14.5 h 14 h 12.5 h 12.5 h 11 h 11.5 h 14.5 h 13.5 h 13.5 h 12.5 h 11 h 11 h 11 h 11.5 h 11.5 h 12.5 h 14 h 14.5 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 17.5 h 15.5 h 13.5 h 11.5 h 10 h 8.5 h 8.5 h 9.5 h 11.5 h 13 h 15 h 16.5 h 5 h 7 h 10 h 13.5 h 17.5 h 21.5 h 22 h 18 h 15.5 h 11.5 h 8.5 h 5.5 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 13 h 13 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 12 h 15 h 14 h 13.5 h 12.5 h 11.5 h 10 h 10.5 h 11 h 11.5 h 12.5 h 14 h 14 h 9 h 10 h 11 h 13.5 h 15 h 17 h 16.5 h 15.5 h 13.5 h 11.5 h 10.5 h 9.5 h 24 h 24 h 19 h 14.5 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 0 h 7 h 15 h 24 h 24 h Miami Brisbane Nairobi Punta Arenas Nome Singapore Cape Town Seattle Vostok

Seasons on Other Planets In some cases, the changing distances from the Sun will affect the seasons. In others, the axial tilt will make a huge difference!

Seasons on Planets Planet Axial Tilt Eccent. OrbitPerihelion Aphelion Mercury 0° days 28 mill. Miles 43 mill. miles Venus 177° days Earth23° days 91 mill. miles 94 mill. miles Mars 25° days 129 mill. miles 155 mill. miles Jupiter 3° years Saturn 27° years Uranus 98° years Neptune 30° years

Mars’ Orbit and Seasons At summer solstice, Mars is 153 million miles from the Sun At autumnal equinox, Mars is 134 million miles from the Sun At winter solstice, Mars is 128 million miles from the Sun At vernal equinox, Mars is 145 million miles from the Sun Original images from

C. The four seasons do not occur in the tropics. These areas receive nearly direct sunlight year-round, so temperatures are high and consistent throughout the year.

How is it that Alaska is dark from… November 18 th - January 23 rd NEW PROBLEM!!!! AHHHH!!!

Final Summary: Answer these questions in your notebook What causes the seasons? At the equator, there are no summers or winters, only wet and dry seasons. Why is this so? If the earth were not tilted in its orbit, how would the climate and seasons be affected at the equator? Between 30 degrees north and south latitude?