1. Earth Earth has a magnetic field Earth’s shape is a sphere which
is largest at the equator

2. Rotation – Earth rotates on its axis
Earth rotates once every 24 hours
(23 hours 56 minutes)
Earth rotates counterclockwise
(This makes it appear that that Sun rises in the East)
This causes day and night

3. Revolution – along with tilt, causes seasons
Earth revolves around the Sun about every 365 days. ( days)
The shape of the orbit is an
ellipse.
Earth is closest to the Sun on Jan 3
Earth is farthest from the Sun on July 4
Earth is a satellite of the Sun (since it orbits the Sun)

4. Tilt Earth’s axis is tilted on a 23.5 degree tilt.
Tilt – along with revolution,
causes seasons
When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun,
it is Summer in the northern hemisphere
Days are longer, there is more radiation, temperature is warmer.

5. Solstice
Summer occurs when the Sun is at its greatest distance north of the Equator. The date is June 21. This is the first day of Summer. Days are longer. The Sun shines on the Tropic of Cancer, which is at 23.5 degrees N.

6. SOLSTICE: when the sun reaches it’s greatest
Distance north or south of the equator
Winter: December 21 or 22 (shortest day) sun is over Tropic of Capricorn
Summer: June 21 or 22 (longest day): sun is over Tropic of Cancer

7. Solstice
________ occurs when the Sun is at its greatest distance south of the Equator. The date is ___________. This is the first day ________. Days are shorter. The Sun shines on the Tropic of ____________, which is at ______ S.

8. EQUInox: when the sun is directly above the equator: EQUAL number of hours of daylight and night all over the Earth.
Spring: March 20 or 21
Fall: September 22 or 23

9. Equinox (equal day/night)
Occur when the Sun shines directly on the Equator. The dates are March 21 and Sept 22. Daylight and darkness both last _____ hours. The first day of ______ and ________ occur on these dates.

10. Moon
The Moon is a satellite of the Earth since it revolves (orbits) around the earth.
Rotates approximately at the same speed as it revolves – we always see the same side of the moon. (_______ days)
Moon shines because light ______ from the _______.

11. Phases Phase depends on position of Earth, Moon and Sun
Waxing: gets bigger
Waning : _______ _______
Crescent: less than half
Gibbous: _____ _____ half
Lighted side is always facing the
Sun

12. Draw and Label a full Lunar Cycle

13. (2 weeks)

14. Eclipses Lunar Eclipse – during a _____ moon phase
MUST be lined up in this order: Sun – Earth – Moon
Earth blocks the sunlight from reaching Moon

15. Eclipse - Lunar

16. Eclipse - Lunar

17. Eclipses Solar Eclipse – during a _____ moon phase
MUST be lined up in this order: Sun – Moon – Earth
Moon blocks the sunlight from reaching Earth

18. Penumbra The Moon's faint outer shadow.
The Moon's dark inner shadow.
Total solar eclipses are visible from within the umbral shadow.
Penumbra The Moon's faint outer shadow.

19. Eclipse
PENUMBRA
UMBRA

20. Eclipse - Solar

21. Seasons Page 641
In order to understand why we have seasons, you must understand how the Earth works.
Rotates: every 24 hours, from west to east, on its AXIS (sun rises in the East)
Axis: imaginary line around which the Earth spins (tilted at 23.5 degrees)
Revolves: around the sun every days

22. The TILT of the AXIS causes the seasons
The TILT of the AXIS causes the seasons. The amount of daylight that hits the earth, causes heat build up. Daylight is long for the hemisphere facing the sun. The angle of radiation hitting the earth also makes a difference.
Winter
Summer
Summer
Winter

23. What months are in which seasons?
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter

24. What months are in which seasons?
Spring
March
April
May
Summer
June
July
August
Fall
September
October
November
Winter
December
January
February

25. Fill in the blank Rotation causes _______
Tilt of the axis causes _____
Revolution causes _____
A day
Seasons
A year

26. Distances
The distance from the Earth to the Sun DOES NOT determine seasons or temperature.
We are closest to the sun on January 3 (147 million km – winter) (perihelion)
We are farthest from the sun on July 4 (152 million km – summer) (aphelion)

28. What causes tides?
Tides are created because the Earth and the moon are attracted to each other, just like magnets are attracted to each other. The moon tries to pull at anything on the Earth to bring it closer. But, the Earth is able to hold onto everything except the water. Since the water is always moving, the Earth cannot hold onto it, and the moon is able to pull at it.

29. How do the effects of the sun and the moon affect tide?
The gravitational pull of the moon tugs on the surface of the ocean until its surface mounds up and outward in the direction of the moon.
When the mound of water has reached its highest point it is called high tide.
On the side of the earth opposite the moon, the centrifugal force caused by the earth’s rotation produces another mound of water and high tide on the opposite side of the earth.
Somewhere in between these two high tides are two flat areas on the surface of the ocean, these are low tides.

30. Moon’s pull on tides is stronger because the moon is closer to the earth.

32. High Tide
Low Tide, same place

33. DRAW AND LABEL THIS
Right angle
alignment
High tides are LOWER
New moon
High tides are HIGHER
Straight line
alignment
Full moon