George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson
George Washington 1 st Prez – only ever to be voted unanimously Important Precedents: Only serve 2 terms; cabinet Judiciary Act of 1789 Compromise in 1790
How do we pay off the debt left over from Revolutionary War? ALEXANDER HAMILTON’S IDEAS Customs duties (tariffs aka taxes on imports) Excise tax (Whiskey) National Bank
TJ doesn’t like Hamilton’s Plans TJ = strict constructionist Hamilton = loose constructionist TJ = dem. – rep. Hamilton = fed.
10 th Amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Congress shall have Power to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Constitution – Article I, Section 8
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Whiskey Rebellion PA Whiskey distillers mad about excise tax They tar & feather tax collectors & stop paying taxes GW sends army of 13,000 Shows might of fed. Gov’t Under articles, he couldn’t have done that (Shays’s Rebellion)
France French Revolution starts in 1789, then Napoleonic Wars US view of the Revolution? Remember that Franco-American alliance from 1778? Oh yea! But GW wants to stay NEUTRAL (proclamation in 1793)
Other Foreign Affairs Citizen Genet Affair (1793) French ambassador in SC, recruits Americans to invade FL and Canada, GW kicks Genet out Jay’s Treaty (1794) US & GB – GB will leave trading posts on US soil, pay damages to seized US ships, US will pay pre-Rev. War debt Pinckney Treaty (1795) US gets free navi of Miss. River
GW’s Farewell Address Warns about Political Parties and... Permanent Foreign Alliances
2 nd President of the US John Adams
X, Y, Z Affair 1797 France has been seizing US ships Prez Adams sends diplomats French agents X, Y, and Z ask for bribe US refuses to accept and demands respect
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Alien Act = Residency requirements Sedition Act = Fines/ Jail for “sedition”
John Adams defends alien & sedition act
Kentucky and VA Resolutions Written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson States’ Right to nullify unconstitutional law
3 rd President of the US Thomas Jefferson Revolution of 1800? “We are all Republicans; We are all Federalists.”
Important Events Marbury v. Madison – 1803 JUDICIAL REVIEW: Supreme Court has right to declare laws unconstitutional Louisiana Purchase – 1803 Bought from Napoleon for $15 mill Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea Legit purchase?
Important Events Chesapeake Incident – 1807 USS Chesapeake vs. British Leopard British fired, took 4 “deserters” from the Chesapeake Embargo – 1807 No trade with ANYONE “Peaceful Coercion”
Unit 1 Essays Major Problems: -Essay needs more historical evidence -Essay needs a clear and specific thesis -Essay needs to stay focused and connect everything back to the question -Essay contains historically inaccurate information -Essay needs to be in proper paragraph format (Intro, Body Paragraphs, Conclusion) -Awkward Sentences