DETERGENT VS STAIN How does brand of detergent affect color darkness of grape juice stain on shirt? Julia Hong Science/P.6 Discovery Project: Visual Science Field: Material Chemistry

Science Field  Material Chemistry-  Science that uses different combinations of materials to come up with transformed results. After getting the results, the knowledge is used to work with new materials. I chose Material Chemistry because I want to know which detergent will get out the stains of my favorite clothes

Opportunities  High school class- Chemistry Laboratory Methods SCI125  Studies the relationship between factors and substances  Future job- Material Chemist  Use materials to come up with different outcomes

Opportunities Connections  Class-  Both the field and class study the relationship between different substances  Job-  Both the experiment and job changes variables (in this case the brand of detergent) to come up with new outcomes

Timeline  Eduard Buchner, a German chemist, discovered enzymes in the nineteenth century when he saw sugar repeatedly being converted to alcohol.  This relates to my experiment because detergents contain enzymes.

Timeline (cont.)  “Proctor and Gamble” invented synthetic surfactants (molecule that removes dirt from clothing and puts it in water, preventing it to come back) and used it in washing machines in 1933 (Who Invented Laundry Detergent).  This impacts society today, since synthetic surfactants are what is used to remove the stains on clothing.

Expert Bio- Ji Kim  Current junior at University of Washington.  Taken chemistry classes  Organic chemistry, materials chemistry, and material engineering  As a hobby and a job, works as a lab assistant  With a professor and a group of undergraduates, they work together to find/observe how HIV affects brain cells Lab is very clean and tidy because cells are sensitive Room has to be at a certain temperature since cells can die Lab has many tables and chairs with no other furniture

Expert Bio (cont.)- Ji Kim  Job Opportunity- Material Scientist or a material science based engineering job

Experimental Design Diagram Title/Purpose: How does brand of detergent affect color darkness of grape juice stain on shirt? Hypothesis: If the enzymes in laundry detergent is increased, then amount on grape juice stain will decrease, because enzymes make the process of cleaning clothes faster and makes fighting stains easier, thus “All” will give the best results. Independent Variable: brand of detergent Dependent Variable: amount of grape juice Levels of the MV Tide Arm & Hammer All Water Number of Trials: three trials per each detergent brand used shirt Controlled Variables: -type of stain –form of detergent –amount of detergent – type of washing machine –time washed –time dried -amount of time stain is on shirt before wash –amount of stain on shirt –type of shirt

Background Research  Enzymes are what make the chemical reaction happen faster  They break down substances into smaller forms that can be easily removed by the other ingredients in the detergent  Surfactant molecules are what attach to grease on one end and water on the other  They form into spheres until rinsed away They draw grime from the clothes and make sure it doesn’t come back to the fabric

Procedure

Experimental Set-Up Arm & Hammer detergent Tide detergent All detergent detergents grape juice bowl scissors beaker stain color darkness scale shirt

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Always close the lid of the washing machine when the machine is on Never put your hands near your eyes, since detergent may go in your eyes

Key Observations  While cutting shirts into square 5” by 5” pieces  Using fabric scissors to cut the shirt into squares, was much easier than using regular scissors, and they make the squares more accurate  After washing the shirts, there was a strong floral aroma  After the shirts were put in the washing machine, they were stretched  The shirts were still wet after being dried in the drying machine  The shirts’ stain color darkness became even lighter after being dried than when coming out of the washing machine  On some shirts, after being washed and dried, there were small spots that were a different color than the majority of the shirt

Graph How does brand of detergent affect color darkness of grape juice stain on shirt? Grape Juice Color Stain Darkness (1-10) Brand of Detergent

Conclusion (CER)  Again, the purpose is: How does brand of detergent affect color darkness of grape juice stain on shirt?  The more enzymes the detergent has, the less of the (grape juice) stain there will be.  The color stain darkness of “All” had an average number of 4.3, “Arm & Hammer” had 5, “Tide” had 6.3, and water had 8. The “All” detergent had the lowest stain color darkness data, being 3, and the lowest stain color darkness average, being 4.3.  Research shows that enzymes make the process of cleaning clothes faster and makes fighting stains easier.

Application  Experimental design improvement- Use the whole shirt instead of a 5” by 5” square piece of the shirt. When cutting the pieces of the shirt, the measurement/size might be a little off. This results to more or less absorbing of the grape juice (stain), and how much the clothing is stretched. If the material was the same size, the amount of grape juice is absorbed would be the same, thus showing the exact effect each detergent has.

Application (cont.)  Future Experimental Design- How does technique of cleaning clothes, affect stain on shirt? Now that which the best detergent/cleaning supply is for when washing clothes is known, I want to find out which technique to washing clothes works best. By doing this experiment, which technique will give my clothes the greatest results will be known. The levels of the independent variable would be by the washing machine, and by hand washing.

Application (cont. 2)  Real World Connection- Doing the laundry. When washing clothes in the washing machine, I wonder what detergent should be used. This experiment is meant to find the detergent that gives the best results when washing clothes, and when doing the laundry, the “best” detergent would be used.

Personal Reflection/Work Values  View on material chemistry field  Advantage: great way to discover new combinations for many things such as cooking recipes; clearly shows success  Disadvantage: may take a very long time to see wanted results/combinations; the results might not be what you worked towards  Working with others (+) can work in teams for labs  Security (+)  Location (-) do not want to work in a lab (not ideal)