Enduring Chinese culture - Confucius promoted an orderly society in which people of higher rank were courteous to those below promoted an orderly society.

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Enduring Chinese culture - Confucius promoted an orderly society in which people of higher rank were courteous to those below promoted an orderly society in which people of higher rank were courteous to those below those of lower rank were respectful to those above those of lower rank were respectful to those above a ruler should act like a good father and lead by example, not through power and harsh laws a ruler should act like a good father and lead by example, not through power and harsh laws

What is a dynasty? From at least 1766 BCE to this century, China was ruled by dynasties. dynasty A dynasty is a ruling family that passes control from one generation to the next.

Mandate of Heaven? What is the Mandate of Heaven? Mandate of Heaven. The Chinese people supported their rulers because of what they called the Mandate of Heaven. They believed… their ancestors in heaven had chosen their leaders. The people would rebel against a weak leader because they believed he had lost the Mandate of Heaven.

China’s last native imperial dynasty! China’s last native imperial dynasty!

The Great Wall with Towers

During the Ming Dynasty The Great Wall was fortified to keep out the invading Mongols.

The length of the Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty was 5,500 miles

The Forbidden City: China’s New Capital is Beijing The Forbidden City: China’s New Capital is Beijing

Revived the Civil Service Exam

Ming Cultural Revolution  Printing & Literacy  Cheap, popular books:  woodblock printing.  cheap paper.  Examination system.  Leads to explosion in literacy.   Culture & Art  Increased literacy leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things:  Literature.  Painting.  Ceramics.  Opera.

Ming Porcelain / Ceramics, 17c–18c

Ming Dynasty  Golden Age of Chinese Art – Moderation – Softness – Gracefulness

Ming Painting “Taoist Scholar”

Ming Painting – “Birds and Flowers” 16c

Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c

The Tribute System

Admiral Zheng He  What conclusions can you make about  China v. Europe by comparing  Columbus’s ship with Zheng He’s ship?  Columbus’s ship with Zheng He’s ship? 

Zheng He During the “Age of Discovery” fleets included more than 200 ships, manned by a crew of more than 20,000. The largest ships on these voyages weighed 3,000 tons. (Columbus' first voyage had three ships, an 87-man crew, and the largest ship weighed 200 tons)

Admiral Zheng He (“Cheng Ho”)  Ming “Treasure Fleet”  Each ship 400’ long & 160’ wide

Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages  First Voyage: [62 ships; 27,800 men].  Second Voyage: [He didn’t go on this trip].  Third Voyage: [48 ships; 30,000 men].  Fourth Voyage: [63 ships; 28,500 men].  Fifth Voyage:  Sixth Voyage:  Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work.  Seventh Voyage:  Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siam  100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return trip.

The Middle Kingdom In China, the name for their country is Zhōngguó 中国 ; In China, the name for their country is Zhōngguó 中国 ; and literally translates to "Middle Kingdom" and literally translates to "Middle Kingdom"

Qing Dynasty 清 ( ) During a peasant revolt, the Manchu (from north of China) were able to seize control of Beijing, the capital city. During a peasant revolt, the Manchu (from north of China) were able to seize control of Beijing, the capital city. Thus, they established the Qing dynasty Thus, they established the Qing dynasty The Qing rulers were the second dynastical family that were not of Chinese origin The Qing rulers were the second dynastical family that were not of Chinese origin They governed the largest territory China had ever occupied. They governed the largest territory China had ever occupied.