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New Asian Empires The Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empires

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1 New Asian Empires 1200 - 1800 The Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empires
The Mughal Empire The Ming and the Qing Dynasty Medieval Japan and Korea In Asia, the period from 1200 to 1800, was a time of great empires and shifts in power. From east of the Mediterranean Sea to India, strong Muslim rulers built large empires. In China a new dynasty sought to revive the traditions neglected under the Mongols, while a military society rose in Japan

2 2. The Mughal Empire-Muslims Rule in India
2. The Mughal Empire-Muslims Rule in India Mughal rulers created a powerful empire in which military might and artistic culture flourished. After the fall of the Gupta Empire in the 500’s, India broke apart into a number of small kingdoms. For several centuries, no single ruler emerged to take charge of all India.

3 The Arrival of Islam Arab Muslim traders arrived in India for the first time. Over time, some Muslims traders settled in Indian towns, where they peacefully lived beside Hindus and Buddhists. The next Muslims to arrive, however, were not so peaceful Early 700’s, Muslim raiders invaded and conquered the area of Sind (Pakistan) By 1000, they reached Afghanistan. By 1200, most of northern India was under Muslim control

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5 The Delhi Sultanate Once the Muslims gained control, they established a new government for the region. Based in the city of Delhi Rulers were tolerate of traditional Indian practices. As a result, a new culture emerged – a new language, Urdu, formed from a combination of Arabic and Sanskirt.

6 A New Empire Mughal The Delhi Sultante remained strong for about 300 years. By the early 1500s, however, its power was weakening, and left India wide open for invasion.

7 Babur A Young Central Asian named Zahir ud-Din, better known as Babur “the tiger” Failed to take over China and turned to India. 1526 – defeated the rulers of Delhi and founded the Mughal Empire. Persian for Mongol Reigned as India’s first Muslim Empire and were one of the great civilizations in history. Best known for its wealth and power

8 Akbar the Great Akbar the Great took over after the death of Babur.
Akbar the Great Akbar the Great took over after the death of Babur. One of the greatest of all Mughal rulers. Did everything he could to win his people’s loyalty. He promoted religious tolerance. He encouraged discussions and debates among Muslims, Hindus, Christians, and other religions.

9 Height of the Empire Babur and Akbar laid the foundation for a powerful empire. The rulers who followed them built upon that foundation and raised Mughal India to new heights of power and wealth.

10 Jahangir Jahangir took power after the death of his father, Akbar.
Jahangir Jahangir took power after the death of his father, Akbar. Known as a good ruler, despite his ruthless start. Practiced religious toleration, supported the arts and adopted many Persian influences into Indian society. Wife Nur Jahan – born in Persia. Sikhism – founded by Guru Nanak – blended Islam and Hinduism – One god, but believe in reincarnation

11 Shah Jahan Jahangir’s son an successor – Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan Jahangir’s son an successor – Shah Jahan A Cultural Golden Age Followed same practices as his father. (except religious tolerance) Taj Mahal – greatest example of Mughal achievement – built as a tomb for Shah Jahan’s beloved wife. New capital of India- Delhi – at the heart a Peacock Throne- symbol of the Dynasty

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14 Aurangzeb In 1657, Shah Jahan became extremely ill.
Aurangzeb In 1657, Shah Jahan became extremely ill. His sons, thinking their father was going to die, began to maneuver to take the throne. War broke out among them. Aurangzeb, one of his sons, captured his father and brought him one of his son’s heads and declared himself emperor. Supported the growth of the Sunni Islam Increased the empire to its largest size.

15 Decline the Mughal Empire
Decline the Mughal Empire His actions marked the beginning of the end for the empire. Due to harsh measures during his reign, frequent rebellions broke out in the late 1600s. Civil War broke out and invaders poured into India from the north.

16 3. The Ming and Qing Dynasty
3. The Ming and Qing Dynasty During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China prospered, but the empire entered a period of isolation in response to increasing European contact.

17 The Ming Dynasty 1279 –Mongol leader Kublai Khan conquered China and founded the Yuan Dynasty. After the death of Khan, China became ripe for rebellion and led to the Ming Dynasty. Hongwu, “vastly martial” –founder of the Ming Dynasty – overthrew the last of the Mongol emperor. Worked to rebuild China. Reforms – reduced taxes and improved agriculture and trade and at the same time restored traditional Chinese practices, such as Confucianism and civil service examinations for government positions.

18 The Forbidden City Yonglo – successor of Hongwo – moved Ming Capital to Beijing, a city northeast of China. The Forbidden City – a vast imperial city surrounded by high walls.

19 Ming Sea Voyages Zheng He – 1405 and 1433 – Chinese Muslim Admiral, led seven voyages around the Indian Ocean as far as Africa. He sailed with a fleet of 300 ships. (included trading ships called junks as well as immense treasure ships, each 400 feet long. He voyages demonstrated China’s growing sea power.

20 Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages
Admiral Zheng He’s Voyages First Voyage: [62 ships; 27,800 men]. Second Voyage: [Ho didn’t go on this trip]. Third Voyage: [48 ships; 30,000 men]. Fourth Voyage: [63 ships; 28,500 men]. Fifth Voyage: Sixth Voyage: Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work. Seventh Voyage: Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siam 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return trip. The Han Synthesis term refers to the emphasis on Legalism, but with a touch of Confucianism. The Han dynasty recorded Confucius’s teachings (The Analects) and put a big emphasis on the family. Founded the Imperial University Required examinations to become bureaucrat (civil service system) Soldiers dropped to lowest status. Confucianists at work; Daoists at home. The Han tried to replace literature, including Confucius’s writings, lost during the Qin Dynasty. Created new works of literature and music. Scroll painting began during this time. Iron was now used for plows and weapons. Acupuncture was invented. Invented a crude seismic sensing tool, so they could send troops and food to the scene of an earthquake! Inventions include: paper (105 CE), sternpost rudder on ships, water mill, wheelbarrow, furrowed cultivation Show map for Silk Road trade. It brought Chinese together into one civilization, creating a common culture. Economically, it brought much wealth to the Han, as they exported much more than they imported. Wudi’s public schools taught Confucianism. Grand School in capital. In 100 years, 30,000 studied there.

21 Ming contact with Europeans
Ming contact with Europeans The Han Synthesis term refers to the emphasis on Legalism, but with a touch of Confucianism. The Han dynasty recorded Confucius’s teachings (The Analects) and put a big emphasis on the family. Founded the Imperial University Required examinations to become bureaucrat (civil service system) Soldiers dropped to lowest status. Confucianists at work; Daoists at home. The Han tried to replace literature, including Confucius’s writings, lost during the Qin Dynasty. Created new works of literature and music. Scroll painting began during this time. Iron was now used for plows and weapons. Acupuncture was invented. Invented a crude seismic sensing tool, so they could send troops and food to the scene of an earthquake! Inventions include: paper (105 CE), sternpost rudder on ships, water mill, wheelbarrow, furrowed cultivation Show map for Silk Road trade. It brought Chinese together into one civilization, creating a common culture. Economically, it brought much wealth to the Han, as they exported much more than they imported. Wudi’s public schools taught Confucianism. Grand School in capital. In 100 years, 30,000 studied there. > Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.

22 Ming Society Foreign Relations – policy to end voyages led to a period of isolationism from the outside world. Why? The arrival of Europeans and Christians interfered with traditional Chinese practices that were already ruined by the Mongol Empire. Metteo Ricci – Italian Jesuit priest who learned Chinese and adopted many Chinese customs. In exchange, he introduced mathematics and science from Europe.

23 Ming Decline In late 1500s, Ming Dynasty began to weaken.
Ming Decline In late 1500s, Ming Dynasty began to weaken. High taxes, weak leaders, and crop failures created harsh economic times. Manchu – a people from Manchuria swept into Beijing and took the capital. The last Ming emperor killed himself to avoid capture. The Manchu then formed their own dynasty and gave it a Chinese name –Qing.

24 Qing Dynasty The Qing Dynasty, – became the last dynasty in 3,500 years of imperial rule in China. Under Manchu rule, China again grew prosperous and expanded to its largest size in history.

25 China under Qing Rule To win the support of opposition to many Chinese, the Manchu showed respect for their Chinese customs and maintained Confucian traditions. Civil Service and government positions were distributed equally among Chinese and Manchu. Kangxi and his grandson Qianlong – reduced taxes for peasants and expanded the empire into parts of Central Asia. Agricultural production and population rose and the economy thrived due to better transportation and growing domestic and foreign markets.

26 Qing Foreign Relations
Qing Foreign Relations 1793- Lord George Macartney tried to change China’s isolationist policies. He came to China to discuss expanding trade. Emperor Qianlong thought British goods were inferior and demanded that he kowtow (kneel)’ Macartney refused. At that time, China was one of the more advanced civilizations in the world.

27 Qing Decline China’s isolationism and refusal to enter the world market eventually toppled the Qing Dynasty – and imperial rule.

28 Ming and Qing Culture Under the two empires, China made many developments in the arts and literature. Ming artisans produced exquisite blue and white porcelain. Valuable trading item Rising literacy rates contributed to the growth or popular fiction. Cao Zhan wrote the novel Dream of the Red Chamber – considered China’s greatest novel, examines the decline of an upper-class Chinese family.

29 Imperial China’s Impact on History
Removed religion from morality. Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate. Mandate of Heaven Secular law. Valued history  The Dynastic Cycle The Han Synthesis term refers to the emphasis on Legalism, but with a touch of Confucianism. The Han dynasty recorded Confucius’s teachings (The Analects) and put a big emphasis on the family. Founded the Imperial University Required examinations to become bureaucrat (civil service system) Soldiers dropped to lowest status. Confucianists at work; Daoists at home. The Han tried to replace literature, including Confucius’s writings, lost during the Qin Dynasty. Created new works of literature and music. Scroll painting began during this time. Iron was now used for plows and weapons. Acupuncture was invented. Invented a crude seismic sensing tool, so they could send troops and food to the scene of an earthquake! Inventions include: paper (105 CE), sternpost rudder on ships, water mill, wheelbarrow, furrowed cultivation Show map for Silk Road trade. It brought Chinese together into one civilization, creating a common culture. Economically, it brought much wealth to the Han, as they exported much more than they imported. Wudi’s public schools taught Confucianism. Grand School in capital. In 100 years, 30,000 studied there.


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