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The electrocardiograph (ECG) is an instrument, which records the electrical activity of the heart. Electrical signal from the heart characteristically precede the normal mechanical function and monitoring of these signals has great clinical significance. ECG provides valuable information about a wide range of cardiac disorders such as the presence of an inactive part (or) an enlargement of the heart muscle. 3

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PIC MICRO CONTROLLER PREAMP POWER AMPLIFIER BRIDGE OUTPUT CIRCUIT 5

ELECTROMYOGRAPH (EMG) FROM SENSOR OUTPUT FROM SENSOR OUTPUT PIC MICRO CONTROLLER EMG AMPLIFIER Electromyography is an instrument used for recording the electrical activity of the muscles to determine whether the muscle is controlling (or) not. The instrument is useful for making a study of several aspects of neuromuscular function, neuromuscular condition, reflect responses etc. EMG measurements are also important for the myoelectric control of prosthetic devices. EMG is usually recorded by using surface electrodes (or) more often by using needle electrodes, which are inserted directly into the muscle. These electrodes pick up the potential produced by the contacting muscle libers. This signal can then be amplified and displayed on the PC. The amplitude on the EMG signals depends upon various factors, e.g.. The type and placements of electrodes used and the degree of muscles exertions. The typical EMG signal ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mV. They may contain frequency components extending up to 10 KHz. Electromyography is an instrument used for recording the electrical activity of the muscles to determine whether the muscle is controlling (or) not. The instrument is useful for making a study of several aspects of neuromuscular function, neuromuscular condition, reflect responses etc. EMG measurements are also important for the myoelectric control of prosthetic devices. EMG is usually recorded by using surface electrodes (or) more often by using needle electrodes, which are inserted directly into the muscle. These electrodes pick up the potential produced by the contacting muscle libers. This signal can then be amplified and displayed on the PC. The amplitude on the EMG signals depends upon various factors, e.g.. The type and placements of electrodes used and the degree of muscles exertions. The typical EMG signal ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mV. They may contain frequency components extending up to 10 KHz. 6

 Robotics plays vital role in industrial automation, automobile, communication, weather fore costing and much more areas.  Robots are man made machine to do continuous operation with out rest. Old generation robots are programmed for single continuous work. New generation robots are very intelligent, which can perform various works simultaneously.  We would like to develop a real working model robot to handle various functions which are essential nowadays world.  We would like to develop the robot using state of art embedded technology to reduce the complexity in design and to machine maximized output with minimized input.  We would like to use PIC16F877A latest microchip embedded controller because of its unique built in feature  Robotics plays vital role in industrial automation, automobile, communication, weather fore costing and much more areas.  Robots are man made machine to do continuous operation with out rest. Old generation robots are programmed for single continuous work. New generation robots are very intelligent, which can perform various works simultaneously.  We would like to develop a real working model robot to handle various functions which are essential nowadays world.  We would like to develop the robot using state of art embedded technology to reduce the complexity in design and to machine maximized output with minimized input.  We would like to use PIC16F877A latest microchip embedded controller because of its unique built in feature 7

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BLOCK DIAGRAM 9

Simplified block diagram Expanded diagram will be developed later 10

M1M2 Two stepper motors will be used to drive two wheels. When both the wheels are same speed, the model goes straight. If one motor goes slower then other, the model turns to the slow motor side and vice versa. Space For Handles Electronic Circuits Wheelbase Extinguisher 11

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 Ad HOC an upcoming network technology, to improve present networking world with hardware and wireless technology. Ad HOC is simply defined as “many devices connected together for common objectives” with various nodes and modes using varieties of wireless technology. Ad HOC’s can be used in many areas, where automation is very least today. Ad HOC networking and automation may save time, cost, utility factors improvement on resources, interconnection of hubs, routers and switches and much more as per application needs.  An Ad HOC network must consist of several wireless transmitters installed and grouped together and connected to hubs and routers. As per the nodes, programs transmitted signals will be selected to need based automation. 13

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COMMUNICABLE ROBOTICS – FLASH EMBEDDED Features:  1.360° freedom movement for all axes.  2.Stepper motor (1.8° can be reduced).  3.Flash embedded for high speed & built in industrial features.  4.Optical isolation to avoid back emf – opto coupler.  5.Obstacle sensor is to save Robotic model from accidents.  6.Fire detector for information & protection.  7.Metal detection – counting, bomb detection  8.Solar panel – Energy production  9.Light detection system for nighttime operation  10.FM communication for remote operation  11.Real time mechanical model using mechanical grade COMMUNICABLE ROBOTICS – FLASH EMBEDDED Features:  1.360° freedom movement for all axes.  2.Stepper motor (1.8° can be reduced).  3.Flash embedded for high speed & built in industrial features.  4.Optical isolation to avoid back emf – opto coupler.  5.Obstacle sensor is to save Robotic model from accidents.  6.Fire detector for information & protection.  7.Metal detection – counting, bomb detection  8.Solar panel – Energy production  9.Light detection system for nighttime operation  10.FM communication for remote operation  11.Real time mechanical model using mechanical grade 18

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21 Analog Digital Instrumentation Power Electronics TTL CMOS o To receive inputs from opto coupler and to drive stepper motor with undefined gain. Electronics

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23 TX On Mechanical Model. Audio Video

25 OPTO coupler 24V DC IN from power supply PCB 24V DC OUT to Transistor Driver Board Protectio n Series Resister IR Emitter IR Emitter IR Collector IR Collector Diagnost ic LED Diagnost ic LED

WIRELESS TRACTION AUTOMATION AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM USING EMBEDDED CONTROLLERS 26

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