Jayun Lee Shreya Arora Kevin Hong Arjun Teh

Post Mongol Muslim Empire Covered most of Southeastern Europe by 15 th Century Peak was , during Suleiman the Magnificent’s rule Decline after 1600’s Background Info: Ottoman Empire

North of Ottoman Empire, Siberia Slavic people Tsar was the ruler Cosmopolitan Peter the Great Background Info: Russia

1500’s reform and revolution Trading Warfare Background Info: Europe

Political- The Ottomans and Europe Went on conquest to gain European territory Focused on Christian enemies in Greece and Balkans Battle of Kosovo: conquered a strong Serbian kingdom-1389 Much of SE Europe under control of sultans Sultan Mehmed II took Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul Pressed into Europe and wanted to control Mediterranean Took over Venice- made them tributary state

Political- The Russians and Europe Had a very diverse empire as it extended Cossacks were of a different part of Europe than Russia but founded many successful cities in Russia Swedish and Polish took Moscow on separate occasions Poland- Lithuania and Sweden pummeled them badly Took Siberia who originally tired to resist their control

Political Russia and the Ottomans Peter the Great built a small navy on Black Sea to blockade Ottoman Ports Peter wanted to go on a Crusade to liberate Constantinople from Muslim Sultanate rule Peter saw himself as legal protector of Orthodox Christians under Ottomans Russians captured port of Azov and lost it 17 years later Russia gained N. Shore of Black Sea Russia expanded its borders Extended border to Poland- West Extended border to Alaska- East Extended border to Barent Sea- North Extended border to Black Sea- South

Social/Gender The Ottomans & Europe Religion Orthodox missionaries made great efforts to turn people in Siberia into Christians Almost similar as to how the Catholic missionaries did in Canada But along the way Islam replaced Christianity as a dominant religion Russians tended to live as farmers, hunters, builders, scribes, or merchants The newly incorporated into the empire were mostly herders, caravan workers, and soldiers The Cossacks came from a Turkish word meaning warrior Referred to as the band of people living on the steppes between Moscovy and the Caspian and Black Seas Most historians believe that that Cossacks founded all the major towns of Russian Siberia

Social/Gender The Ottomans & Europe Cont. The early 17 th century Swedish and Polish forces briefly occupied Moscow on separate occasions It was called the “Times of Troubles", and the old line of Muscovite rulers was finally deposed The Russian aristocracy allowed their own Mikhail Romanov, to become tsar The Romanov rulers saw a close connection between the consolidators of their own authority and successful competition with neighboring powers They tended to represent conflicts between Slavic Russians and Turkic peoples of Central Asia as being between Christians and “infidels” or between the civilized and the “barbaric” Serfdom was a hereditary status, but in theory the serf was tied to a piece of land Not owned by a master

Social/Gender The Ottomans & Europe Cont. By 1723 all Russian slaves were transformed to serfs Serfs were under the control of landowners who made up only 2% of Russia’s population Similar to the size of the slave-owning class in the Caribbean

Economy Trade with the Europeans brought inflation into the Ottoman Empire. Internal issues and interactions with neighbors made the Ottoman Empire’s problems worse. Eventually, Europeans dominated Ottoman sea trade. All of this contributed to the decaying power of the Ottomans. Ottomans with Europe

Economy Russians traded with Europeans, though their economy was centered towards trade in Alaska and North America. Unlike the Ottomans, the Russians did not go through a period of severe inflation. Russia