SLO (1) Students will be able to understand the final battles of WWI and the conclusion of the war. (2) Students will be able to understand the consequences of WWI, especially President Wilson's 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles.

“Crisis in the Balkans” (1) “Sick Man of Europe” Nationalist Movements , Serbian Revolution , Greek War of Independence , Serbia becomes independent , Macedonia becomes independent , Bulgaria becomes independent , Albania becomes independent (2) Nationalism in the Balkans (National self determination)

U.S. Anti-German War Propaganda

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk -Germany makes tremendous territorial gains -Russia is out of the war

German Spring Offensive, 1918 Last attempt to defeat the Allies before American contributions ** What was the major consequence?

Allies Hundred Day Offensive Aug. 8 to Nov. 11, last stage of the war ** Why was this so effective?

American Contributions to WWI (1) Supplies, more than $7 Billion to Allied cause ** American troops and supplies were, by this time, pouring into Western Europe for the Allies. The Hundred Days Offensive drove the Germans out of France, and the Central Powers thus collapsed. (2) Contain German offensive, and push back and then break German lines (3) Help Allies win the war and avoid defeat

Wilson’s Fourteen Points -1 st 5 points: -#6 - #13 points: -#14

TREATY OF VERSAILLES Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World The Big Four – David Lloyd George – Georges Clemenceau – Vittorio Orlando – Woodrow Wilson Reparations & “War Guilt” Wilson’s 14 Points League of Nations “Trusteeship” Orlando, Lord George, Clemenceau, and Wilson in Wilson’s study in Paris

Peace Conference Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World Enthusiastic response … Allies wanted to punish Germany!! Tremendous consequences for Germany (list these) …

Consequences of Treaty (1) Completely changes the map of Europe

Consequences of Treaty

(2) Completely changes the map of Middle East, Mandate System Consequences of Treaty

(3) Severe punishment of Germany: including, war guilt clause & war reparations "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments …” (4) Allied Powers take over German colonies

Consequences of WWI (1) Creates conditions for future wars … In Europe (Germany war guilt, reparations, loss of colonies & land, and disbanding military) … In Middle East (promises to many ethnic groups) (2) End of four empires (Germany, Russia, Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary) (3) Completely new maps in Europe and the Middle East (Nine new nations in Europe & Mandate System) (5) Tremendous loss of life, more than 17 million deaths (Military and civilians) (6) Expands power of governments over Economies (7) Economic prosperity for the United States

U.S. Rejects Treaty Senate has to ratify treaties Mistakes by President Wilson … Reasons why did not join …

Take Five Minutes: Read pages 342 and 343: (1) What were the main goals of President Wilson’s in his “Fourteen Points.” (2) How successful was he at accomplishing these? (3) Why was the Treaty of Versailles a flawed peace? Treaty of Versailles