European Arrival – Sixteenth Century Honors U.S. History Old City Gates – St. Augustine, Florida

GOLD Columbus’ letters imply lots of gold exists in this land (the Americas) Encomienda System – Spanish colonies collecting gold and exporting a percentage back to Spain –Very similar to Feudalism –Natives (Serfs) treated very poorly Conquistadores – Spanish settlers; very abusive to the Indians Repartimiento – Reforms of the Encomienda –Spanish monarchy controls more

Establishing Colonies Colony – A territory settled in a foreign land and controlled by a foreign power European countries begin exploring and settling the Americas thanks to Columbus’s success Castillo de San Marcos – St. Augustine, Florida

Dividing the New Lands Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Portugal gets everything east of –Africa and Brazil Spain gets everything west –Most of South America –Caribbean –Mexico –United States

Hernan Cortes (Cortez) Arrived in Mexico in 1519 Met the Aztecs and their leader, Montezuma –They thought the Spanish were the incarnations of their supreme God Montezuma is killed Cortes temporarily forced off of Mexico by Aztecs Returns in 1521, crushes remaining Aztecs Spain controls former Aztec land British Museum – London, England

Field Museum – Chicago, Illinois

Francisco Pizarro 1531 – Attacks Incas 180 men take Incan leader hostage –Gives the Spanish gold as a ransom –Executed anyway –Modern-day Peru now Spanish controlled

The Columbian Exchange From Europe to the Americas Horses Chickens Wheat African Slaves Small pox European diseases will kill between 50 and 90 percent of the Native population between 1500 and 1650 From the Americas to Europe Turkeys Corn Tomatoes Venerial Diseases

Other Explorations Ponce de Leon explores “La Florida” looking for Fountain of Youth (1513) First permanent European settlement established at St. Augustine in Florida England and France can’t quite establish colonies in the Americas yet 1588 – English Navy defeats Spanish Armada –English colonization coming soon