Astro-E2 X-ray Imaging Spectrometer Status, Performance and Calibration Astro-E2 Users’ Group 14 February 2005 Mark Bautz, MIT CSR

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Team Members (Partial list) Osaka University H. Tsunemi, K. Hayashida, K. Torii, M. Namiki Kyoto University K. Koyama (PI), T. Tsuru, H. Matsumoto ISAS/JAXA T. Dotani, H. Murakami, M. Ozaki Rikkyo University H. Awaki Ehime University S. Kitamoto MIT CSRM. Bautz (MIT PI), S. Kissel, B. LaMarr, G. Prigozhin, G. Ricker, J. Doty, R. Foster MIT Lincoln Lab. B. Burke, J. Gregory, A. Pillsbury

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Astro-E2 at ISAS December, 2003 The XIS at a Glance Four telescope + CCD camera units Effective area: 1500 cm 1 keV (~2x Chandra/ACIS) 600 cm 6 keV (~ XMM/EMOS) 60 cm 0.25 keV Field of view: 18 x 18 arcmin (~Chandra/ACIS-I) Spectral Resolution: Silicon-limited E> 0.7 keV (R~2-10%) ~ keV (x2 < CXO/XMM) Team: ISAS (Digital electronics, integration) Osaka (Door, filter, ground calibration) Kyoto (Ground calibration) MIT (CCD, TEC, analog electronics, ground calibration)

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Astro-E2 Instrument Configuration View from Mirrors

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Key Characteristics: Low noise (1-2 e - RMS) Deep depletion (65  m) Charge injection capability Front- & back-illumination CCDs fabricated at MIT/Lincoln CCD heritage: Chandra, ASCA Components: 4 X-ray photon-counting CCD sensors, Peltier-cooled 2 low-noise front-end electronics sets with thermal controllers Astro-E2 XIS Flight Hardware supplied by MIT

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Effective Area Comparison: 1 BI Sensor vs 1 FI Sensor Includes XRT-I area & transmission of all filters Flight Complement: 3 FI + 1 BI

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Spectral Resolution: FI & BI CCDs See also LaMarr et al., poster

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Spectral Resolution Comparison: BI vs FI Simulated Spectra of SNR E Back-illuminated (2.3 c s -1 sensor -1 ) Front-illuminated (1.2 c s -1 sensor -1 ) OVII OVIII NeIX NeX MgXI

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR BI CCD Spectral Resolution: XIS, Chandra ACIS & XMM-Newton EPIC-PN Simulated Spectra of SNR E XIS Chandra ACIS-S XMM-Newton EPIC-PN 4.6 c s -1 (4 FI) 6.9 c s -1 (2 FI+2 BI) 3.1 c s c s -1 (EPN) 5.0 c s -1 (2EMOS) ct s -1 keV -1 Energy (keV) ct s -1 keV -1 Note: EPIC MOS Resolution comparable to XIS (but is not a BI CCD)

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Charge Injection: Motivation XRS has month life before cryogen is exhausted XIS CCD performance late in Astro-E2 mission is thus especially important Some radiation damage to XIS is inevitable in the Astro-E2 orbit (600 km, 31 deg) Charge injection capability mitigates radiation damage two ways: *Improves charge transfer efficiency after radiation *Allows better ground calibration and correction for damage effects

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Spectral Resolution after Irradiaton without Charge Injection Prelaunch: FWHM: 132 eV. Post-irradiation (2 yr on-orbit equivalent): Gain shift 1.3%; FWHM: 210 eV Without Charge Injection

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Prelaunch: FWHM: 132 eV. Post-irradiation with charge injection: Gain shift 0.5%; FWHM: 144 eV With Charge Injection XIS Spectral Resolution after Irradiaton with Charge Injection

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Ground Calibration Summary MIT: QE & Spectral Resolution vs position, keV Osaka: QE & Spectral Resolution, keV Kyoto: QE & Spectral Resolution, keV Ehime: Filter Transmission keV; optical Issues: *Low-energy (E < 0.5 keV) QE of BI sensor reference detector calibration, pileup(MIT) source stability (Osaka) *CTI correction in pipeline & response functions

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Original XIS Flight Calibration Plan per H. Matsumoto et al.; revisions pending TargetModeDate (MOL) Exp (ks) Pri.Purpose/Remarks Vega5x51101OBF Check E x51101low-E gain,res., QE CXO reference spectrum P-sum1201 Burst1103? Cas-A5x561.21CTE/gain check (Pri.2: 4 ksec) P-sum x56122 P-sum6122 E x56201low-E CTE, gain, QE (Priority 2: 4 ksec) P-sum6201 5x P-sum62002 Eta Carina5x51-620*1low-E BI QE, gain (N line) Cygnus Loop5x51-610*1low-E BI QE, gain (C line) *Parasitic on science observations

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Status Summary XIS hardware is integrated on spacecraft and ready for launch. All planned ground calibration measurements completed; analysis is in progress and several issues remain open. Calibration products in development; CTI correction remains to be implemented.

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Status Summary XIS hardware is integrated on spacecraft and ready for launch. All planned ground calibration measurements completed; analysis is in progress and several issues remain open. Calibration products in development; CTI correction remains to be implemented. We can’t wait!

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Imaging Array FS AB FS CD Outputs: A B C D ID IG Input Register XIS Charge Injection Structure See posters (Prigozhin et al.) & (LaMarr et al.) MIT Lincoln Lab. CCID41“Fill & Spill” Injection

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR XIS Charge Injection Structure See posters (Prigozhin et al.) & (LaMarr et al.) MIT Lincoln Lab CCID41“Fill & Spill” Sequence An input register is added: *Location is “row 1025” *Input diode (ID) & input gate (IG) at “column 0” *Can be clocked to place charge above any/all CCD columns. 2 extra signals required: *ID timing determines columns injected *IG level controls injected charge quantity *Existing serial clocks((3) transfer charge in IR Fill: ID low Q~ IG-S3 Spill: ID high Transfer: Clock S3 & IG with IG-S3 fixed

14 February 2005mwb MIT/CSR Charge injection is programmable. “Grid” program reduces charge transfer losses due to radiation damage: *Charge is injected in each column of every 54th row. *Injected charge (temporarily) fills radiation-induced traps. *Filled traps will not degrade charge transfer inefficiency. *Result is better spectral resolution. Rows filled by charge injection Charge moves down during readout ID/IG Input Register Charge moves right during injection Charge Injection to Improve Charge Transfer