Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs (1500-1800) Lesson 3 – Central European Monarchs Clash.

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Central European Monarchs Clash

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 3 – The Age of Absolute Monarchs ( ) Lesson 3 – Central European Monarchs Clash

The Thirty Years War ( ) It began in Czech. as a religious war when future HRE Ferdinand II of Bohemia closed Protestant churches & began a revolt. Drew many other nations/ kingdoms in to prevent Hapsburgs from taking all of Germany & becoming the dominant power of Europe. For the 1 st 12 yrs. Austrian & Sp. Troops racked up many victories over Protestant princes. Ferdinand’s armies were paid with loot they stole as they plundered & robbed.

Gustavus Adolphfus Turns the Tide against the Hapsburgs Led 23,000 soldiers across Baltic Sea in 1630 b/c Cath. Forces threatened to attack Protestant Sweden. He was killed in Cardinals Richelieu & Mazarin of France sent French troops vs. Hapsburgs to protect power of king. The war did great damage to Germany as its pop. Fell from 20 M to 16 M. Trade & agriculture ruined.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) The Results 1.Ger. not unified for yrs. 2.The goal of a united Europe under the HRE & Catholic church would never happen. 3.Fr. gained some Ger. territory 4.Marked the further decline of Spain & weakened Austria 5.Ended Religious Wars in Europe 6.New method of peace negotiation

Exit Slip – The Thirty Years War 1.The Thirty years war began in Bohemia as conflict over land and __________. a. gold b. serfdom c. religion 2.______ paid his army of 125,000 by allowing them to rob Protestant German villages. a. Ferdinand II b. Charles V c. Phillip II 3.Gustavus Adolphus from ______ turned tide of war against the Hapsburgs in a. Finland b. Scotland c. Sweden 4.This nation would remain a divided country due to the destruction caused by the war? a. Spain b. Germany c. Austria

States Form in Central Europe Serfs couldn’t move freely to towns b/c nobles wanted large harvests to sell in W. Europe. Nobles often elected kings (i.e. Poland) & purposely kept them weak (low income, no standing army, no law courts) as a result, strong states were slow to form. The two empires there were weak and in decline: The Ottoman Empire (after 1529) & HRE after 30 Yrs. War. 2 Ger.-speaking families will change this: Hapsburgs & Hohenzollerns will from absolute monarchies.

Austria Rebounds Austria, Hungary, Bohemian crowns united by Charles VI ( ) wanted his daughter Maria Theresa (1717 – 1780) to he his heir. Her main threat would come from Prussia (Germany) from the north. Her famous daughter, Marie Antoinette would wed King Louis XVI of France – remember that.

The Rise of Prussia (N. Ger.) 1640 – Frederick Wm. Hohenzollern (aka The Great Elector of Brandenburg) (20 yrs. Old) said a strong army = safety (saw destruction of 30 YRS War) King Wm. Frederick I began to move to absolutism w/ an army 80,000 strong paid for by permanent taxation. The Junkers (nobility) cooperated b/c he made them officers in army. Prussia became rigidly controlled & highly militarized by early 1700s.

The War of the Austrian Succession ( ) Frederick the Great ( ) became king of Prussia in 1740 & Maria Theresa became queen of Austria 5 months later. He saw her as weak. He wanted Silesia (Austria), rich in iron, textiles, & agriculture & sent army to take it. Hungary & Great Britain joined Aust. & France joined Prussia. Prussia won Silesia & became major power in Europe.

The Seven Years ( ) Maria decided Fr. Kings were no longer a threat & made alliance w/ Fr. and Russia Prussia allied w/ G.Br –Frederick attacked Saxony; Austria’s ally & war spread to N. Am. & Asia France was expelled in N. Am. & gained power in India.