Biochemistry Notes

Biochemistry Biochemistry Study of science that explores how properties of CHEMICALS make life possible

Biochemistry Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds Compounds that do not contain carbon Compounds that do contain carbon All living organisms are made of carbon

Biochemistry Inorganic Compound  Water M ost important inorganic compound for living organisms E xcellent solvent P olar compound: opposite charges at each end of the molecule H igh heat capacity: can absorb and release a lot of heat/energy before changing temperatures

Biochemistry Organic Compounds  Carbon Carbon forms the structural backbone of all organic molecules. Can bond with 4 other atoms OR can bond with other carbons to form long chains or rings.

Biochemistry Organic Compounds  Monomers  Polymer Basic units that repeat over and over large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

Four major kinds of polymers (macromolecules)… 1)Carbohydrates 2)Lipids 3)Proteins 4)Nucleic acids Biochemistry

Biochemistry1)Carbohydrates  Used for  Basic Monomer Contain C, H 2, and O in the same ratio as in water EEnergy source (sugars and starches) SStructural and cellular support MMonosaccharide

Biochemistry Monosaccharide Simple sugars Glucose and Fructose Same molecular formula CC 6 H 12 O 6

Biochemistry DisaccharidePolysaccharide Double sugar molecule Largest carbohydrate Starch: Stored food (glucose) Sugar: Quick energy source

Biochemistry 2)Lipids * Basic Monomer * Basic Monomer Fats, Oils, and Waxes Contains C 2, H 2, and O 2 Insoluble in water Storage of energy Helps make up the cell membrane Glycerol + Fatty Acid

Biochemistry 3)Proteins *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Basic building material of all living things Examples: hair, nails, blood, muscle, skin Sources: egg whites, gelatin, meat Amino Acid

Biochemistry Amino Acids (aa) Each has a distinctive characteristic Same basic structure: Four groups attached to a central carbon atom AAcid Group (COO) AAmino Group (NH 3 ) HHydrogen Atom (H + ) ““R-Group”  Determines the amino acid

Biochemistry 20 different naturally occurring amino acids 110 produced by the human body Held together by peptide bonds Polypeptide: 3 or more amino acids bonded together

Biochemistry Enzymes They are proteins Like a key that fits into only one lock TThe lock is the substrate TThe key is the enzyme Active Site: Place where the enzyme and substrate bond Catalyst: Enzymes that speeds up a reaction

Biochemistry 4) Nucleic Acids *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Carry instructions for cellular activity Nucleotide

Biochemistry Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Blueprint of instructions that get transmitted from generation to generation Found in the nucleus only (of eukaryotic cells)!!!

Biochemistry Ribonucleic Acid RNA Transfers and reads the instructions  then makes proteins Found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Biochemistry Three types of RNA:  mRNA  tRNA  rRNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA

Biochemistry There are four main bases in nucleic acids: But…in RNA, Thymine is replaced with… Adenine(A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Uracil (U)

Biochemistry Now play the Jeopardy game (link on websites for Biochemistry webquest) Write out a summary of the question with the answer on your chart.