Industrialization Spreads Ch 25 section 3

Great Britain wants to dominate Great Britain wants to keep the secrets of industrialization to themselves.Great Britain wants to keep the secrets of industrialization to themselves. They forbid their engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers form leaving the country.They forbid their engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers form leaving the country.

Samuel Slater Secretly came to the United States in 1789.Secretly came to the United States in He built a spinning machine from memory.He built a spinning machine from memory. He became wealthy and eventually owned 13 spinning mills.He became wealthy and eventually owned 13 spinning mills.

Slater Mill Pawtucket, RI

Moses Brown Opened the first factory in Pawtucket Rhode, IslandOpened the first factory in Pawtucket Rhode, Island He used Slater’s machines to produce thread.He used Slater’s machines to produce thread.

Francis Cabot Lowell In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and 4 other investors revolutionized the American textile factory.In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and 4 other investors revolutionized the American textile factory. They mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth.They mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth. They set up factories in Waltham, MA.They set up factories in Waltham, MA. When Lowell died, the town was named Lowell, MA.When Lowell died, the town was named Lowell, MA. By the late 1820’s Lowell, MA became a huge manufacturing center.By the late 1820’s Lowell, MA became a huge manufacturing center.

Mill Girls Thousands of young, single women, flocked to these mills to find work.Thousands of young, single women, flocked to these mills to find work. Average age was 24Average age was 24 They were watched closely inside and outside the factory to make sure they behaved properly.They were watched closely inside and outside the factory to make sure they behaved properly. They worked 12 hours per day, 6 days per week for decent wages.They worked 12 hours per day, 6 days per week for decent wages. For some women, the only alternative to working in the mill was becoming a servant.For some women, the only alternative to working in the mill was becoming a servant.

Lowell Girls Lived in nearby boarding housesLived in nearby boarding houses Men were not allowedMen were not allowed Expected to attend church regularly.Expected to attend church regularly. Curfew was at 10p.m.Curfew was at 10p.m. Expected to have high standards and demonstrate good valuesExpected to have high standards and demonstrate good values

There was a great deal of industrial growth in the northeast during the 1800s.There was a great deal of industrial growth in the northeast during the 1800s. However, the US remained mostly agricultural until after the Civil War ended in 1865.However, the US remained mostly agricultural until after the Civil War ended in 1865.

Technological Boom Light bulbLight bulb TelephoneTelephone RailroadsRailroads

Belgium A carpenter, William Cockerill, from England went to Belgium in 1799.A carpenter, William Cockerill, from England went to Belgium in He carried secret plans for building a spinning machinery.He carried secret plans for building a spinning machinery. His son, John, eventually built an enormous industrial enterprise in Belgium.His son, John, eventually built an enormous industrial enterprise in Belgium. They produced machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives.They produced machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives.

Germany Imported British equipment and engineersImported British equipment and engineers Sent their children to England to learn industrial managementSent their children to England to learn industrial management Built railroads to connect major citiesBuilt railroads to connect major cities Economic strength led Germany to develop military powerEconomic strength led Germany to develop military power

Other European Countries Bohemia- spinningBohemia- spinning Spain- cottonSpain- cotton Northern Italy- textile, silk spinningNorthern Italy- textile, silk spinning Russia- serfs ran factoriesRussia- serfs ran factories France- railroadsFrance- railroads

Geographical Barriers Austria-Hungary could not build railroads due to huge mountains.Austria-Hungary could not build railroads due to huge mountains. Spain lacked good roads and waterways for canals.Spain lacked good roads and waterways for canals.

Worldwide Impact Shifted world balance of power.Shifted world balance of power. Promoted competition between industrialized nationsPromoted competition between industrialized nations Increased poverty in less developed nationsIncreased poverty in less developed nations

Global Inequality Widened gap between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations.Widened gap between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations. Many industrialized nations sold goods to non-industrialized nations at high prices.Many industrialized nations sold goods to non-industrialized nations at high prices. Countries began using exploiting their colonies for their natural resources.Countries began using exploiting their colonies for their natural resources.

Imperialism The policy of extending one country’s rule over many other landsThe policy of extending one country’s rule over many other lands Gave more power and wealth to the already wealthy, industrialized nationsGave more power and wealth to the already wealthy, industrialized nations Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the development for new markets around the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories.Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the development for new markets around the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories.

Society Transforms Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power.Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power. Much of Europe could produce goods faster and cheaper.Much of Europe could produce goods faster and cheaper. Despite the hardships of the early urban workforce, population, health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries.Despite the hardships of the early urban workforce, population, health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries. The development of a middle class created great opportunities for education and democratic participation, which also helped fuel a powerful movement for reform.The development of a middle class created great opportunities for education and democratic participation, which also helped fuel a powerful movement for reform.

Economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small workshops.Economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small workshops.