What do I need for Biology? BRAIN Pen/Pencil Guided Notes WS ( 2 on front table)

Photosynthesis

Plants are Energy Producers Like animals, plants need energy to live – unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY – animals are consumers – plants are producers

How do plants make energy & food? Plants use the energy from the sun – to make ATP energy – to make sugars glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

H2OH2O Photosynthesis – 2 separate processes – ENERGY building reactions collect sun energy use it to make ATP O 2 leaves (waste) – SUGAR building reactions take the ATP energy collect CO 2 from air & H 2 O from ground use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + carbon dioxide CO 2 sugars C 6 H 12 O 6 CO 2 water H 2 O + + oxygen O 2

Light Dependent Rxn NRG is captured from Sunlight. H 2 O is split into H Ions, electrons, and O 2 – O 2 leaves (Byproduct or “waste”) The Light NRG is converted to Chemical NRG - temporarily stored in ATP & NADPH

Light Independent Rxn a.k.a. Calvin Cycle Chemical NRG (ATP and NADPH) powers the formation of Organic Compounds (Glucose), using CO 2

H2OH2O ENERGY building reactions SUGAR building reactions ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun used immediately to synthesize sugars

So what does a plant need? Bring In – light – CO 2 –H2O–H2O Let Out –O2–O2 Move Around – sugars 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++ roots shoot leaves

Leaf Structure phloem (sugar) xylem (water) stoma palisades layer spongy layer cuticle epidermis guard cells cuticle epidermis vascular bundle (vein)

Function of Leaf Structures Cuticle – waxy coating reduces water loss Epidermis – skin protecting leaf tissues Palisades layer – high concentration of chloroplasts collecting sun’s energy – photosynthesis making ATP & sugars Spongy layer – air spaces gas exchange – CO 2 in for sugar production, remove waste O 2

Transpiration H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2 H2OH2O xylem (water) stomata guard cells O2O2  CO 2 in  O 2 out  water out  so it gets to leaves from roots

Transpiration Water evaporates from the stomata in the leaves – pulls water up from roots *cohesion/adhesion & capillarity!! – more water is pulled up the plant from ground

Guard Cells & Homeostasis Homeostasis – keeping the internal environment balanced Stomata open – let CO 2 in needed to make sugars – let H 2 O out needed for photosynthesis – let O 2 out get rid of waste product Stomata closed – if too much H 2 O evaporating

Xylem carry water up from roots

Phloem: food-conducting cells  carry sugars around the plant wherever they are needed new leaves fruit & seeds roots

The poetic perspective All of the solid material of every plant was built out of thin air All of the solid material of every animal was built from plant material Then all the cats, dogs, mice, people & elephants… are really strands of air woven together by sunlight! sun air

Got the energy… Ask Questions!!

How are they connected? glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 OATP  +++ Respiration Photosynthesis 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy  +++  glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide sun energy + water +

release chemical energy H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun The Great Circle of Life! Mufasa? glucose sugars O2O2 CO 2 Plants (producers; autotrophs) Plants & Animals (consumers; heterotrophs) ATP capture light energy synthesis digestion

Chloroplasts are only in plants animal cells plant cells

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts in cell Leaf Leaves Chloroplast absorb sunlight & CO 2 make ENERGY & SUGAR Chloroplasts contain Chlorophyll CO 2 Chloroplast sun