Presentation subhead CM223 Unit 8 USING EVIDENCE

UNIT 8 SEMINAR AGENDA Welcome to our eighth seminar. In this session, we will: Discuss your drafts from last week (Open forum) Review ways of integrating sources Review in-text citations

UNIT 7 PROJECT DISCUSSION Let’s talk about your drafts. You’ll get feedback from me when they’re graded, but I would like to take about 20 minutes to talk about your concerns, challenges, etc.  How do you feel about your project?  What concerns do you have?  What was your focus/thesis? Can you think of ways to modify or refine it?  Tell us about your research process.  What was the easiest part? Why?

INTEGRATING SOURCES: REVIEW

Sources should be woven throughout a piece of writing without dominating it. You’re the lead; they’re just the backup singers. They can: Illustrate an idea Prove a point Add to your thoughts Substantiate your claims Give credibility to your statements Further the overall conversation Can you think of others?

INTEGRATING SOURCES: REVIEW In Unit 3, we discussed the following techniques for successful source integration: Always introduce a paragraph with an original thought/sentence. Introduce and comment on every quotation, paraphrase, and summary. Surround the material with interpretation or opinion. Explain where the material is from, and why it is interesting (in other words, tell readers why the source is relevant to your paper). Avoid ending any paragraph, section, or paper with a quotation.

IN-TEXT CITATIONS A significant part of integrating sources is including in-text citations. According to APA documentation standards, you must include the following (in addition to a full reference page): WHO said it? (Last name only) WHEN did they say it? (Year only) WHERE was it said? (Page or paragraph only)

IN-TEXT CITATIONS WHO? (Smith, 2004, pp. 6-7) (Jori & Ray, n.d., ¶ 1) (“The title”, 1999, p. 8) (White, 2002, para. 3) WHEN? (Smith, 2004, pp. 6-7) (Jori & Ray, n.d., ¶ 1) (“The title”, 1999, p. 8) (White, 2002, para. 3) WHERE?* (Smith, 2004, pp. 6-7) (Jori & Ray, n.d., ¶ 1) (“The title”, 1999, p. 8) (White, 2002, para. 3) *The where is only used when directly quoting a source. You must also place the quote in “” marks.

WHAT COUNTS AS A REVISION? When you get your papers back from me, your next task will be REVISION. It’s important to understand that revision is more than just fixing any misspelled words and misplaced punctuation marks. Revision is making SIGNIFICANT changes to your paper before you turn in the final draft. These could include: Adding more material (the draft only had to be 3 pages, but the final must be 5) Re-arranging your paragraphs (Are they too long? Too short? Do they flow together well?) Strengthening your thesis (is it PERSUASIVE?) Does it have 3 key points? Correcting APA in-text citations and reference list entries Adding a more effective INTRODUCTION or CONCLUSION Making your argument clear, concise, and LOGICAL (no logic flaws!) Allowing room for the counterargument and your response (like the courtroom!)

LOGIC BOMBS BLOW UP YOUR ARGUMENT Jumping to Conclusions Confusing Time with Cause & Effect False Authority Slippery Slope Either-Or Thinking Circular Logic Personal Attacks

INTRODUCTIONS: THE HOOK Read this article from the Writing Center now! ritingReferenceLibrary/TheWritingProcess/IntroductionsAndConclusions.aspx Introductions pull the reader in and make them want to read more. There are several types you can try: QuotationQuestionDefinition Opposite OpinionNarrativeDialogue Interesting or Startling Fact

CONCLUSIONS: SEAL THE DEAL Conclusions tie everything up. In an argument, the conclusion is the closing argument – the last thing the jury hears before they go back to decide if you’ve proven your case. So the conclusion is CRUCIAL! The effective introduction techniques work just as well for conclusions. You should use a different one than you used for the intro, though (with the exception of the narrative, or bookend, technique).