Monerans: Bacteria Friend or Foe

Prokaryotes Bacteria = Prokaryotes Bacteria = Prokaryotes Discovered when Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope Discovered when Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope Bacteria are the smallest living organism Bacteria are the smallest living organism Unicellular and lack nucleus Unicellular and lack nucleus

Classifying Prokaryotes 2 Different Groups: 2 Different Groups: –Eubacteria  Great variety  Live almost anywhere (land, water, & in humans)  Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate) –Archaebacteria  Chemically different because lack peptidoglycan  DNA more like that of eukaryotes  Live in harsh environments (no oxygen, very salty, & high temperatures)

Identifying Prokaryotes Identified by Shape, Chemicals in Cell Walls, Way they Move, & Obtaining Energy Identified by Shape, Chemicals in Cell Walls, Way they Move, & Obtaining Energy Shapes: Shapes: –Bacilli = Rod Shaped –Cocci = Spherical Shaped –Spirilla = Spiral & Cork-screw

Obtaining Energy Heterotrophs Heterotrophs –Chemoheterotrophs = take in organic molecules –Photoheterotrophs = photosynthetic (use sunlight) & need organic molecules for energy Autotrophs Autotrophs –Chemoautotrophs = make organic molecules from carbon dioxide –Photoautotrophs = use light energy and water to carbon compounds and oxygen (like plants)

Living Conditions Obligate Aerobes = need oxygen to live Obligate Aerobes = need oxygen to live Obligate Anaerobes = needs no oxygen Obligate Anaerobes = needs no oxygen Falcultative Anaerobes = can live with or without oxygen Falcultative Anaerobes = can live with or without oxygen

Reproduction Binary fission = cell grows to double its size, DNA copied, and then splits Binary fission = cell grows to double its size, DNA copied, and then splits Conjugation = DNA exchanged by bridge that forms and passes on genes Conjugation = DNA exchanged by bridge that forms and passes on genes Endospores = spores formed when in bad conditions to live. Spores are dormant, then awaken when good conditions Endospores = spores formed when in bad conditions to live. Spores are dormant, then awaken when good conditions

Bad Bacteria Pathogens = disease causing (i.e. E. coli ) Pathogens = disease causing (i.e. E. coli )

Good Bacteria Vaccines = preparation of weak pathogen Vaccines = preparation of weak pathogen Antibiotics = block the regrowth and reproduction of pathogens Antibiotics = block the regrowth and reproduction of pathogens Decomposers = help the ecosystem recycle nutrients Decomposers = help the ecosystem recycle nutrients Human Uses: Human Uses: –Clean oil spills because some digest petroleum –Purifying water by removing waste products –Making vitamins –Foods & Drinks to help Human Body digestion

Bacteria Shakes!!!! Probiotic Kefir Milk Probiotic Kefir Milk L. casei L. casei L. acidophiles L. acidophiles L. plantarum L. plantarum L. rhamnosus L. rhamnosus S. diacetylactis S. diacetylactis S. florentinus S. florentinus B. bacterium longum B. bacterium longum Leuconostoc cremoris Leuconostoc cremoris B. bacterium breve B. bacterium breve Lowfat Milk Lowfat Milk Ice Cream Ice Cream Whey Protein Whey Protein Strawberries Strawberries Ice Ice