1. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things are made of cells.
Living things reproduce
Living things are based on genetic code
Living things grow and develop
Living things obtain and use energy
Living things respond to the environment
Living things maintain a stable internal environment
Living things change over time

2. Today’s Modern Kingdoms
Prokaryotes- simple cells
Eubacteria- “normal” bacteria found everywhere
Archaebacteria- unusual bacteria found in hot springs, brine pools and mud
Eukaryotes- complex cells with nucleii
Fungus- mold, mushrooms, etc. decomposers
Protists- microscopic “left over” group
Plants- make food
Animals- consumers of food 1 2

3. Health & Social Education
Bacteria How is the world we live in impacted by things that you can’t see?
Health & Social Education

4. Bacteria
Bacteria are living things that are neither plants nor animals.
Two Kingdoms: Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes – all bacteria. have no nucleus or complex organelles

5. Salmonella typhimurium (invading human cells)

6. E. coli
E. coli

7. Typical Eubacterial Cell
Bacteria (prokaryotes) are simpler than eukaryotes
Cell wall:
Protects from injury
Determines shape
Made of peptidoglycan (carbohydrate molecules linked by proteins)

8. Shapes of Bacteria Spiral-shapedSpirilla Sphere-shapedCocci
Rod-shapedBacilli

9. Where??? Eubacteria live almost everywhere: Fresh water Salt water
Land
On & within your body!

10. Archaebacteria Chemically different from eubacteria
Lack peptidoglycan cell walls
DNA sequences differ from eubacteria
“Extremophiles”
Can live in extremely harsh environments
Acidic pH, temperature, saline, anaerobic(no oxygen)

11. Yellowstone Geyser

12. Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria
Live in extreme environments
Chemically different
Cell wall lacks peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)
Live in non-extreme environments
Chemically different
Cell wall contains peptidoglycan (carbohydrate)

13. Name the shape! 1 2 3 4 5

14. Bacteria Reproduction
Binary Fission:
1.Doubles in size
2.Doubles DNA
3.Splits into two
Conjugation:
1.Bridge forms between two cells
2.Genes move from one cell to another
Spore Formation:
1.Thick wall within bacteria forms to protect its DNA
2.Cell is now a spore, and goes into hibernation until more favorable conditions return

15. Growth Rates
Given good growing conditions, a bacteria can grow and divide at astonishing rates.
If the environment is optimal, bacteria cells can divide as often as every twenty minutes.

16. Disease Caused by Bacteria
Pathogens-disease causing agents
Two ways bacteria cause disease
1. Digesting cells
2. Produce toxins

17. Preventing Bacterial Disease
Antibiotics: block the growth and reproduction of bacteria(not viruses)
Vaccines: weakened pathogens injected into body to produce resistance

18. Methods used to control bacterial growth…
Sterilization by heat-great heat
Disinfectants-chemical solutions that kill pathogenic bacteria
Food storage and processing-refrigeration, canning, preservatives
Dehydrate food

19. Importance of Bacteria
Decomposers
Recycle nutrients from dead organisms back into the ecosystem
Ex: A tree dies; bacteria attack and digest dead tissue, break it down into simpler material and return it to the soil.

20. Human Uses of Bacteria Production of foods and beverages
Oil spill clean up
Removal of waste and poison from water
Mining of minerals
making essential vitamins in body
Production of medicines and chemicals

21. Where is good bacteria found?
Digestive tract
Skin
Mouth
Urinary tract
Genital areas