1. Bellringer What is the difference between a bacteria and a virus?
Are bacteria and viruses harmful, helpful, or neither?
If so, how are they harmful, helpful, or neither?

2. Bacteria and Viruses

3. Bacteria Prokaryotes-single celled organism lacking nucleus
Eukaryote, remember?

4. Bacteria: 2 Kingdoms 2 Kingdoms: Eubacteria Archeabacteria
Lives everywhere Lives in harsh environments
Cell wall, peptidoglycan Cell wall, no peptidoglycan

5. Bacteria: Shapes Shapes: Bacilli-rods Cocci- spheres
Spirilla- spiral, corkscrew

6. Metabolic Diversity Heterotrophs
Must take in organic molecules for energy and supply or carbon
Chemoheterotroph: Most common.
Photoheterotroph: Least common
Use photosynthesis for energy but need to take in organic compounds for a carbon source
Autotrophs
Make their own food.
Chemoautotrophs: make organic carbon molecules but do not require light as a source of energy.
Photoautotrophs: make organic carbon molecules and require light as a source of energy

7. Releasing Energy
Obligate Aerobes: organisms that require a constant supply of oxygen in order to live.
Obligate anaerobes: organisms that must live in the absence of oxygen.
Facultative Anaerobes: can survive with or without oxygen.

8. Bacteria: Cell Walls Cell walls:
Bacteria with peptidoglycan absorb violet dye=gram positive
Bacteria with less peptidoglycan absorb red dye=gram negative

9. Bacteria: Motility Movement:
Flagella allow reaction towards chemical or physical signals

10. Bacteria: Reproduction
Binary fission-replicates, divides
Conjugation-bridge forms, genetic transfer; Diversity!
Endospore- enclose DNA, remain dormant until better conditions; forms spores
Endospore

11. Bacteria Functions in Biosphere
Decomposer (chemical recycling)
Nitrogen Fixers
Bioremediation
Human uses for food

12. Viruses
Virus- particles of nuclei acid and protein which reproduce by infecting living things
DRAW and label

13. Tobacco Mosaic Virus causes tobacco plants to develop a pattern of spots

14. Viruses
Lytic infection-virus enters cell, makes copies, bursts out of cell

15. Viruses
Lysogenic infection- virus embeds DNA into DNA of host cell and replicated along with host cell’s DNA

16. Viruses
Retroviruses- contain RNA as genetic info; reverse transcription takes place (HIV)

17. Viruses
Prions- contain no DNA or RNA, only protien (Mad Cow Disease)

18. Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses
Bacteria produce disease in one of 2 general ways. Some damage the cells and tissues of the infected organism directly by breaking down the cells for food. Others release toxins that travel throughout the body interfering with the normal activity of the host.
Vaccine: preparation of weakened or killed pathogen.
Antibiotics: compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria

19. Viral Diseases
Like bacteria, viruses produce disease by disrupting the body’s normal equilibrium.
Viroid; single stranded RNA molecules that have no surrounding capsids.
Prions: protein infectious particles.

20. Activity Take out a sheet of paper Write your prediction.
On one side make a venn diagram
On the other side make two boxes
Activity
Venn Diagram- Your going to write the differences and similaries of bacteria and virusesbacteria and virus
Two boxes- Your going to cut and paste which picture goes under virus and bacteria categories
Bacteria
Virus
Bacteria
Virus