1. TSW investigate and understand the life functions of Monerans
BACTERIA
TSW investigate and understand the life functions of Monerans

2. Bacteria are PROKARYOTES
Pro- Before
Karyon- Nucleus
Simplest forms of life are prokaryotes
Earth’s first cells were prokaryotes

3. Prokaryote Diversity Earth’s most abundant life forms
Capable of surviving in many different environments
Capable of getting energy from many different sources

4. Prokaryote Review Mostly single-celled NO nucleus or organelles
Circular chromosomes
Cell walls
Mostly asexual
Anaerobic or aerobic
Heterotrophic or autotrophic

5. Classifying Prokaryotes
Until recently, classified in one kingdom- MONERA
Now, 2 Kingdoms…what are they?

6. ARCHAEBACTERIA No peptidoglycan in their cell wall
DNA sequences are more similar to those of Eukaryotes than Eubacteria
Live in extremely harsh environments

7. Types of Archaebacteria
Methanogens: Produce methane; anaerobic
Halophiles: “salt lovers”
Thermophiles: “heat lovers”

8. EUBACTERIA Larger of the 2 Kingdoms
Tremendous variety…live almost anywhere
Cell wall of peptidoglycan
Usually contain 1 or 2 cell membranes

9. Types of Eubacteria Parasitic heterotrophs: Streptococcus
Saprophages: “Death-eaters”
Chemosynthetic Autotrophs: Rhizobium
Photosynthetic Autotrophs: Blue-green algae

10. Identifying Bacteria Shape Cell Wall How they move
How they obtain energy

11. Bacteria are named by SHAPE
Cocci (ball-shaped)
Streptococcus mutans
Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Clostridium botulinum
Spirilli (spiral-shaped)
Treponema palladium

13. Metabolic Diversity Best illustration of prokaryote diversity
2 main groups of prokaryotes:
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

14. Heterotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs: must take in organic molecules for both energy and a supply of carbon
We are chemoheterotrophs. What does this mean?
Photoheterotrophs: photosynthetic, but must still take in organic compounds for carbon

15. Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs: use light energy to convert CO2 and H2O to carbon compounds and oxygen
Found anywhere light is plentiful (Near the surfaces of lakes, streams, & oceans)

16. Autotrophs
Chemoautotrophs: do NOT require light as a source of energy, instead obtain energy from chemical reactions
Where would we find these?

17. Releasing Energy
Obligate Aerobes: MUST have a constant supply of oxygen
Obligate Anaerobes: MUST live in the absence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobes: Can survive with or without oxygen

18. Growth and Reproduction
If food and space were unlimited, bacteria could grow & divide continuously
3 Methods
Binary Fission
Conjugation
Spore Formation

19. Binary Fission Asexual (does not involve exchange of genetic info)
Bacterium doubles in size, replicates its DNA & divides in half, producing 2 identical daughter cells

20. Conjugation Sexual (exchange of genetic material between bacteria)
A hollow bridge forms between two bacteria and genes move from one cell to another

21. Spore Formation Spores form when growth conditions are unfavorable
Spores remain dormant until conditions improve

22. Importance of Bacteria
Producers that capture energy by photosynthesis
Decomposers- breaking down the nutrients in dead matter & the atmosphere
Fix nitrogen
Human uses (food, digestion, medicines)

23. Human Uses