World Geography TodayChapter 30 Island Southeast Asia Preview Section 1: Natural EnvironmentsNatural Environments Section 2: History and CultureHistory and Culture Section 3: The Region TodayThe Region Today Chapter Wrap-Up

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Read to Discover What landforms are found in island Southeast Asia, and what are some physical processes that have shaped them? What climates, biomes, and natural resources does the region have? Section 1: Natural Environments

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Islands—Malay Archipelago (more than 20,000 islands), including Sumatra, New Guinea, Borneo, Philippines High peaks on some islands, some with glaciers Seas and narrow straits between islands and mainland Geologically active area—Tectonic plate movement causes earthquakes, volcanoes, mudflows Section 1: Natural Environments Landforms

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Question What are the climates of island Southeast Asia, and what factors influence the type of climate in each country? Section 1: Natural Environments

World Geography TodayChapter 30 CLIMATES OF ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA Tropical Humid Tropical Wet and Dry Highland Countries or Regions Factors that Influence the Climate Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, most of Indonesia Eastern islands of Indonesia, southern Irian Jaya Central Borneo, central Irian Jaya Tropical location Tropical location, monsoons High elevation Section 1: Natural Environments

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Tropical rain forests and mangroves Great variety of plants and animals with one of Earth’s highest levels of biodiversity, including endemic species (Komodo dragon, Javan rhinoceros, orangutan) Section 1: Natural Environments Biomes

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Forests, fisheries, volcanic soils for farming, rubber tree plantations Copper, gold, tin; oil and natural gas (Brunei, Indonesia, possibly near the Spratly Islands southwest of the Philippines) Section 1: Natural Environments Natural Resources

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Read to Discover What early peoples migrated to island Southeast Asia? How did colonialism affect the region’s history? What are the people and culture of island Southeast Asia like today? Section 2: History and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Question Who were the early peoples of island Southeast Asia, and what did each group accomplish? Section 2: History and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 30 EARLY PEOPLES OF ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA First Humans In Philippines more than 30,000 years Hindus and Buddhists Kingdoms established in Java and Sumatra by A.D. 700; controlled trade, built monuments; Majapahit largest kingdom Arabs Trading in the region by 1300s; introduced Islam Malays Migrated from Asia about 2000 B.C. Chinese Traders settled in coastal cities Section 2: History and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 30 First Malay people from Asia arrived about 2000 B.C. Indian Hindus came later; Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms established in Java, Sumatra. Chinese merchants arrived and settled, forming a large minority population. Arab traders came by 1300s, settling down and spreading Islam. Section 2: History and Culture Influences

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Spain brought Catholicism to the Philippines; Manila became a trade link with China and the Americas; later became U.S. colony. Holland controlled the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) for the spice trade. Britain colonized Malaysia and founded Singapore; built roads, plantations, and schools; brought in Chinese and Indian workers, now large ethnic groups in the region. Section 2: History and Culture Effects of Colonialism

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Diverse population, many languages Some large cities, but population still mainly rural Religion—Buddhism (Malaysia, Singapore); Islam (Indonesia, Malaysia); Hinduism (Bali); Christianity (Philippines) Rice cultivation Other features—Traditional clothing styles for tropics; batik cloth Section 2: History and Culture People and Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Read to Discover How has island Southeast Asia’s economy changed in recent decades? What are the cities of the region like? What challenges do the people of the region face? Section 3: The Region Today

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Growing trade and investment links; ASEAN Rapid industrial growth and modernization in 1980s and 1990s Improved standards of living in Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia Privatization in Malaysia Section 3: The Region Today Economic Changes

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Question What are the similarities and differences of the four cities of island Southeast Asia? Section 3: The Region Today

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Kuala Lumpur Petronas Towers, surrounded by kampongs, smoggy Singapore Clean, wealthy, orderly, low crime rate Manila Surrounded by slums Jakarta Surrounded by kampongs In Common Large, crowded, growing rapidly, with modern urban centers and government buildings CITIES OF ISLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA Section 3: The Region Today

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Rapid urbanization Major cities and capitals—Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Singapore Singapore—Wealthiest, cleanest, and most orderly city; strict laws restrict behavior Others have smog and traffic problems Section 3: The Region Today Cities

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Urban growth Protecting political and personal freedoms Ethnic and political tensions in Indonesia (East Timor, Aceh, Irian Jaya, Moluccas) Muslim separatism and conflict in the Philippines Environment—Deforestation, loss of wildlife diversity, overfishing, pollution Poverty and economic development Section 3: The Region Today Challenges

World Geography TodayChapter 30 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas 1. Why is the land of island Southeast Asia so unstable in some areas? 2. How do the region’s location and monsoons influence its climates? 3. Which ethnic group makes up the majority of Singapore’s population? Do members of that ethnic group tend to live in urban or rural areas throughout island Southeast Asia? 4. What is the dominant religion of island Southeast Asia? What other religions are practiced there? 5. What economic, environmental, and political challenges face the region today?