1. C11.4 - Civilizations of Southeast Asia
Main Idea
The early civilizations of Southeast Asia were influenced by geography and the cultures of India and China
Objectives
What factors influenced early civilizations in the region of Southeast Asia?
What early kingdoms and empires developed in Southeast Asia?

2. I. Influences on Southeast Asia
India and China shaped development; geography and trade also important

3. I. Influences on Southeast Asia
SE Asia divided in two parts—mainland SE Asia and island SE Asia
Mainland: modern nations of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, part of Malaysia
Island: Rest of Malaysia, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore

5. A. Geography
Valleys, river deltas home to farming civilizations
Mountains in between limited contact
Islands surrounded by seas and straits; provided sources of food, travel, trade routes

7. B. Trade
Two important trade routes between India and China: Strait of Malacca, Sunda Strait
Control of these brought wealth, power

8. B. Trade Monsoons, or seasonal winds, shaped trade
Winds blow northeast in summer, southwest in winter

9. B. Trade
Ships relied on monsoons to sail from place to place; had to wait in port until winds shifted to resume voyage
Many Southeast Asian port cities became important economic centers

10. B. Trade
By AD 100s, Indian merchants had begun prosperous sea trade with SE Asia
Trade routes through Central Asia became more dangerous after fall of Han dynasty in AD 220

11. B. Trade Seaborne trade between China, India increased
Traders passed through Southeast Asia; exchanged goods for local products

12. C. India and China
Indian influence spread through trade and missionaries - Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam
Many kingdoms adopted the religions, built temples in Indian style

13. C. India and China
Ideas on writing, science, government, etc. spread to SE Asia
Ancient Indian language, Sanskrit, came into wide use

14. C. India and China
Chinese influence spread by conquest, trade, migration
China controlled northern Vietnam at different times, strongly influenced the region

15. II. Early Kingdoms and Empires
Early kingdoms of SE Asia blended their cultures with influences from India and China to form unique societies

16. A. The Pagan Kingdom
AD 800s, Burmans established kingdom of Pagan in Irrawaddy River valley
Anawrahta ruled 1044 to 1077, united much of what is now Myanmar
Pagan became center of Buddhist learning

17. Buddhist Stupas (shrines)
A. The Pagan Kingdom
Irrawaddy River
valley
Buddhist Stupas (shrines)

18. A. The Pagan Kingdom
Late 1200s – Mongols demanded tribute but Pagan refused
Mongols crushed Pagan’s army and the king fled
The king was killed by his son, who paid the tribute but Pagan lost it’s power

19. B. The Khmer Empire
Khmer empire arose southeast of Pagan (modern Cambodia)
Early 800s - Khmer conquered neighboring kingdoms, build great empire
Reached height between 850 and 1250, controlled much of SE Asia mainland
Grew prosperous from rice farming

20. B. The Khmer Empire

21. B. The Khmer Empire
Khmer Empire adopted Hindu, Buddhist beliefs
Capital city, Angkor, symbolized shape of Hindu universe
Built temple complexes at Angkor Wat
Cost of building projects and invaders caused the empire’s decline

22. Angkor Wat

23. C. Trading Kingdoms
Several kingdoms developed on islands of SE Asia
750 to Kingdom of Sailendra on Java
600s to 1200s - Srivijaya empire on Sumatra
Controlled sea trade through Malacca and Sunda straits

24. C. Trading Kingdoms

25. D. Vietnam
Vietnam strongly influenced by China
111 BC - Han dynasty conquered northern VN
China periodically ruled for next 1,000 years

26. D. Vietnam
Vietnamese forced to adopt Chinese language, clothing, hairstyles
Confucianism, Daoism influenced society
Adopted Chinese government features, including bureaucracy

27. D. Vietnam
AD 39 - Sisters Trung Trac and Trung Nhi raised army and drove out Chinese
Chinese regained control, but sisters heroes in VN today

28. D. Vietnam
Early 900s, China’s Tang dynasty collapsed
939, Vietnamese established kingdom of Dai Viet in northern VN
Chinese tried but failed to re-conquer VN
Mongols invaded in the 1200s – VN defeated them and remained independent

30. D. Vietnam
Dai Viet sent tribute to China, but remained independent
1285, Mongols invaded; defeated by Dai Viet prince Tran Quoc Toan, became a hero

31. Rebellion in Vietnam