1. The Knee
Anatomy

2. The Bones

3. The knee is comprised of 3 bones
Femur
Patella
Tibia
The Fibula has no bearing on the knee

4. The Femur

5. 12

6. 15 segments of the Femur Head Fovea Capitis Neck Greater Trochanter
Intertrochanteric Line
Lesser Trochanter
Gluteal Tuberosity
Linea aspera
Pectineal Line
Body
Medial/Lateral Epicondyle
Medial/Lateral condyle
Patellar Grove
Intercondylar Fossa

7. Patella – Body’s largest sesamoid bone

8. 4

9. 4 Segments of the Patella
Base – superior pole
Apex – inferior pole
Medial Articulating Facet
Lateral Articulating Facet

10. Tibia

11. 6

12. 6 segments of the Tibia Medial Condyle Lateral Condyle
Intercondylar Eminance
Tibial Tuberosity
Shaft
Medial Malleolus

13. Muscles

14. Refer to Handout
The knee uses muscles from both the upper leg and lower leg
Hamstring to flex the knee
Gastrocnemius to the flex knee

15. Ligaments

16. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Purpose: Keep the Tibia from translating posteriorly (bkwrds)
120% to 150% wider than ACL; is Primary stabilizer of knee
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Purpose: Prevent excessive Valgus (lateral) force
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
Purpose: Stabilizing against –
Tibia from translating forward
Internal rotation of tibia on femur
External rotation of tibia on femur
Hyperextension of tibiofemoral joint
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Purpose: Prevent excessive Varus (medial) force

17. Origin / Insertion of Ligs
PCL – O: 2 bands; Posterior aspect of tibia I: Medial Femoral condyle
MCL – O: Medial condyle of Femur I: Neck of the Tibia
ACL – O: Anteriormedial Tibial condyle I: Lateral Femoral condyle
LCL – O: Lateral condyle of Femur I: Head of Fibula

19. Anterior View

20. Origin /Insertion:
Quadriceps Tendon - O: Quadriceps becomes tendon I: Superior aspect of Patella
Patellar Ligament - O: Anterior Inferior Patella I: Tibial Tuberosity.

21. Patella and Patellar Lig

22. Mensicii

23. Meniscii
Purpose: Act as “shock absorbers” for the knee, and provide structural integrity.
Purpose: Limit extremes of flexion and extension in knee
Medial Meniscus – more of a crescent shape, wider posteriorly than anteriorly
Lateral Meniscus – more of a “c” shape

24. ROM
Flexion & Extension
Internal & External Rotation (from the hip)

26. Knee Joint

27. The End…