1. Reality Therapy Chapter 8

2. The Case of Donald 31-year-old separated Caucasian male Seeking counseling due to job loss and marital problems Complains of weariness, nausea, migraines Wants to know “what is wrong” with him

3. Basic Philosophy Positive view of human nature Constructivist People choose their behaviors

4. Human Motivation Satisfaction of basic needs Maximize pleasure and minimize pain

5. Central Constructs Basic Needs Quality World Total Behavior Choice Theory External Control Psychology

6. Theory of the Person Personality is based on the strength of the human’s needs No formal theory of personality development Personality does not change

7. Psychological Health and Dysfunction Health Advocates of choice theory Able to satisfy own needs without violating rights of others Enjoy satisfying inter- personal relationships Dysfunction Failure to satisfy needs Lack of belonging Chooses painful and destructive behaviors Controls negative feelings A way to get help Avoids more difficult alternatives

8. Nature of Therapy Assessment Therapeutic Atmosphere Role of the Client Role of the Counselor Goals

9. Process of Therapy Present Oriented Focused on what can change WDEP Examine client’s behaviors that are problematic Improve problematic behaviors so that needs are still or more effectively met

10. Process of Therapy Therapeutic Techniques Questioning Bibliotherapy Doing the unexpected Reframing Humor Therapeutic Techniques Self-disclosure Metaphors Physical activity and meditation Allowing or imposing consequences

11. Evaluation Qualities Precision Testability Empirical validity Research Support Outcome research Theory-testing research

12. Issues of Individual and Cultural Diversity Pros Acknowledgement of the cultural influence on the Quality World Cons Focus on heterosexual relationships Emphasis on personal choice Definition of basic needs