1. The Mongols
LG 3: Summarize the changes that resulted from the Mongol invasions of Russia, China, and the Islamic world and explain the impact the Mongol invasion had on Europe, China, India, Southwest Asia.

2. Mongol video

3. Who were the Mongols? Originally a nomadic group divided into tribes
Ghengis Khan or Chinggis Khan – united the tribes & declared himself ruler of Mongolia & the Mongols; set out to conquer the world

4. Mongol invasions and their impact on Europe, China, India, and Southwest Asia
Causes
Possible environmental factors caused less and shorter grass on the steppe forcing Mongols to trade and raid settled societies

5. Effects Unified a territory across Eurasia 1215 conquered Beijing
established a Pax Mongolica or “Mongolian Peace”
Silk Road trade reached its height
1215 conquered Beijing
first time China was ruled by a foreign power
ended the civil service exams, but staffed the bureaucracy
Obliterated the Muslim heartlands and converted to Islam
end of the Muslim caliphate
Facilitated Europeans learning about the advances of the Asians especially the Chinese
Mongols made no advances themselves and stifled cultural growth

6. Mongol Conquest

7. What were the changes resulting from the Mongol invasions of Russia, China, and the Islamic world?
Mongol invasions of China
Mongol invasion of Islamic world

8. Mongol invasions of Russia
While Mongols controlled Russian territory many of the local rulers were kept (religious toleration)
Peasants paid heavy taxes which were collected by Russian bureaucrats who took their cut
Russia became a vassal state facilitating the expansion of serfdom and a lack of political unity
Lacking unity and cultural development, Russia remained backward at the same time Europe was growing culturally

9. Mongol invasions of China

10. Mongol invasions of China
1215 took Beijing, 1279 overthrew the Song Dynasty
first time China was ruled by a foreign power
Civil service exams were ended
Chinese were subject to different laws and were separated from the Mongols
allowed Chinese to maintain a separate cultural identity from the Mongols
Though Mongols were not directly involved in trade, merchants and foreigners were welcomed into court and overland and maritime trade flourished

11. Mongol invasion of Islamic world
India stayed protected from Mongol invasions until the late 14th century
Abbasid Caliphate was defeated
political unity of the Muslim world ended
Local bureaucrats were employed and local rulers were permitted to rule as long as order was maintained and taxes were collected.
Many Mongols converted to Islam
Mongol culture often mixed with local cultures