1. 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

2. Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds Molecules are either organic or inorganic All organic molecules contain Carbon, but not everything with C is organic Ex: carbon dioxide not organic We will discuss the following organic molecules and their monomers: – Carbs and monosaccharides – Lipids and fatty acids/glycerol – Proteins and amino acids – Nucleic acids and nucleotides

3. Need to Know Structure: 1. Amino Acids R group bonded to alpha carbon and varies to determine specific amino acid

5. Whiteboarding Activity Each team will be assigned one organic molecule to research. On the whiteboard you need to state the type of organic molecule (mono/di/poly?), the function of it, and its role in animals or plants. You may use the textbooks or computers. Ten minutes and then we will do quick presentations. 1. Glucose 2. lactose 3. glycogen 4. fructose 5. galactose 6. maltose 7. sucrose 8. starch 9. cellulose 10. ribose

6. To Review: Type of CarbohydrateExample Molecules MonosaccharidesGlucose, galactose, fructose, ribose DisaccharidesMaltose, lactose, sucrose PolysaccharidesStarch, glycogen, cellulose

7. To Review: MoleculeRole in Plants or Animals GlucoseChemical fuel for cell respiration in both plants and animals LactoseMilk sugar to provide nutrients to mammal young GlycogenTo be the stored form of glucose in your liver and muscle cells (short term energy) FructoseProvide nutrients to plants SucroseUsed to transport and store energy in plants CellulosePrimary component of plant cell walls

8. Structures to Know: GlucoseRibose Fatty acids

9. Hydrolysis Reactions Humans eat food, but our digestive system (with enzymes) breaks food down into its smallest molecules so that our bodies can transport them to where they are needed Enzymes that break down polymers into monomers are hydrolyzing enzymes: – Ex: lactose + water  glucose + galactose – Ex: starch + water(many)  glucose(many) – Ex: triglyceride + 3 water  glycerol + 3 fatty acids – Ex: protein + water(many)  amino acids(many)

10. Hydrolysis Reactions

11. Condensation/Dehydration Reactions Condensation reactions – occur to re-form the larger molecules – water is a product rather than a reactant – require a different enzyme, one that is capable of building covalent bonds rather than breaking them – Ex: glucose + galactose  lactose + water – Ex: glucose (many)  starch + water (many) – Ex: glycerol + 3 fatty acids  triglyceride + 3 water – Ex: amino acids (many)  protein + water (many)