2. Nutrition And Management Strategies In Livestock Production Awosanmi Olugbenga Ph.D. M.B.A. General Manager Folawiyo Farms Ltd, Ilora

3. Goals Of Livestock Production To produce meat, milk,egg &fish as food items A very large and global industry

4. Nutrition Basis for sound health and profitable livestock production 70% of Total Production Costs in Intensive Animal Production Systems Profits is frequently only 12-15% of total feed costs Importance underlined by changing concepts- Optimum Nutrition, Total Nutrition.

5. Production Costs Frozen Chicken % Doc 28.65 Feed 43.58 Drugs &Vaccines 9.15 Overheads 11.56 Energy 4.03 Labour 1.85 Miscellaneous 1.18

6. Production Costs Eggs % Feed 54.29 Labour 2.09 Drugs & Vaccines 0.16 Overheads 39.70 Miscellaneous 3.76

7. TOTAL NUTRITION NUTRIENTS Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Proteins Vitamins NUTRICINES Antioxidants(Bht/Bha) Colours(carophyll) Emulsifiers(Lecithin) Enzymes(Roxazyme) Flavours(Essential Oils) Organic acids(Biotronic)

8. TOTAL NUTRITION contd NUTRIENTS are the generally recognized components of feed such as Carbohydrates etc NUTRICINES are components of feeds that exert a beneficial effect upon health and metabolism, yet are not direct nutrients

9. Nutrition In Practice1 Quality of Feed Ingredients -adulteration (oyster-shells/bone-meal mixed with sand) -GNC with shell - methionine with starch - moist maize with dry maize

10. Nutrition In Practice 2 High bacteria load(colliforms,salmonella,etc –Blood-meal, fish-meal esp 65%,Bone-meal

11. Nutrition In Practice 3 Mycotoxin contamination(Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins,Fumonisins,Tricothecenes etc) Groundnut cake, Maize Use of Mycotoxin binders/detoxifiers Vitamin mineral premix potency/expiry(cold storage, procurement in small batches)

12. Nutrition In Practice 4 Ration Formulation to meet specifications Least cost programmes Spread sheet short cut Calorie/protein ratio Mix of ingredients for balance e.g protein- soybean meal/fish- meal/cotton seedcake/grounnut cake/palmkernel cake Minerals-Limestone/oyster shell Bone-meal/calcium di-phosphate

13. Nutrition In Practice 5 Ensure proper/adequate mixing(15mins for vertical mixers) Ensure appropriate particle size Use of Alternative Ingredients Maize-Wheat/Rice-meal/ Biscuit crumbs.Use of oil for broilers also for large egg size(linoleic acid), good for dry season because of heat increment, full fat soya very useful

14. Nutrition In Practice 6 Monitoring of feed intake Effect of heat stress- feeding in cool hours of the day Adjutment of nutrient levels to make up for drop in intake Use of ice blocks, vitamin C, planting of shade trees Freshness of feed Palatability Availability of clean water Pelleting of feed

15. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Geo-climatic changes due to Ozone layer depletion(green-house effect) exerting environmental stress Ambient temperatures peaks @ 39-40 oC often with high RH Results in high mortality and heavy production losses

16. Panacea Environmental control Tunnel ventillation Ceiling fans Poly-urethane under coating of roof Alluminium/asbestos roofing Thatching of roof

17. Management Strategies 2 Optimum size/scale of operations With declining profit margins, volume becomes a matter of must (mega size)

18. Management Strategies 3 Integration to various extents from backward to forward very useful Diversification into complementary areas Poultry and Aquaculture Waste to wealth Table fish-Fingerling production- Fish feed production Feed raw materials- Feed production

19. Diversification Aquaculture

20. Diversification Snail Rearing

21. Diversification Fingerling Hatchery

22. Diversification Fish pellets production

23. Fingerling Production

24. Environmental Control Good cost recovery Sahlmet- Germany

25. Backward Integration Hedge against inflation Efficient utilization of resources

26. Pond construction Excellent returns

27. Fingerling Hatchery High pottentials

28. Diversification Crop processing Multi-grain thresher Nova Technologies

29. Training Management retreat In-house, external training Net-working with stake holders International trade fairs/ courses

30. Diversification Fish feed production

31. Diversification Ruminant production

32. Diversification Cattle

33. Forward Integration Marketing

34. Management Strategy Environmental control Roof thatching

35. Health Management Becoming very challenging with increasing disease risks, build-up of disease resistance,poor quality of inputs(doc, vaccines,drugs,feed ingredients,spare-parts etc) Calls for dynamism with emphasis on prevention,biosecurity, and good technical back- up(serology, bacteriology and drug sensitivity tests)

36. Management Strategies Need to have good hold on competition,excellent customer service and efficient net-work for information and knowledge Need to participate actively in pressure group activities to protect interests and promote good interphase with policy makers and regulatory bodies

37. Thank You 08033881926 Awosanmi@skannet.com