1. Municipal waste WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Martin Kubal
Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague

2. municipal waste - terminology
Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage (US), refuse or rubbish (UK) is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard.
Municipal waste is made up of residual waste, bulky waste, secondary materials from separate collection (e.g., paper and glass), household hazardous waste, street sweepings and litter collections. It is made up of materials such as paper, cardboard, metals, textiles, organics (food and garden waste) and wood.

3. municipal waste - definitions
The EU defines Municipal Solid Waste as waste from households, as well as other waste, which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from households (EU Landfill Directive 99/31/EC).
Czech Republic (Act No. 185/2001 Coll.): municipal waste means all waste generated in the territory of a municipality in connection with the activities of natural persons and which is stated to be municipal waste in an implementing legal regulation, with the exception of waste produced by legal entities or natural persons authorised to conduct business.
The definition of municipal waste varies across the EU member states. Different countries include different elements. France, for example, includes sewage sludge in the definition. For all municipalities in Denmark (which does not specifically define municipal waste), all wastes are the responsibility of the municipality. Elsewhere, such as in Austria and Ireland, relatively large quantities of non-household waste are collected in the municipal fraction. The one thing common to all countries. definition of municipal waste is household waste. Concentrating on this fraction facilitates cross-country comparisons.

4. history of municipal waste production
The amounts of municipal waste produced by human population were very small through most of the history. The production was kept low till 19. century.
The composition of municipal waste was significantly changed within the last decades showing decreasing participation of ash.
dustbin, garbage can, whellie can 
in Czech = popelnice (ash container)

5. history of municipal waste production
520 kg
Municipal waste generation and treatment in Europe (kg per capita), about 520 kg per capita since 2002

6. There have been significant changes in the composition of household waste over the last 100 years which can be traced back to fundamental social and economic shifts affecting the way we live our everyday lives, as is traced in the above chronology.
Waste and Recycling: an exploration of contemporary environmental policy. Sources:Atkinson, W. and New, R. (1993) 

8. Municipal waste treated in 2009 by country and treatment category, sorted by percentage

9. municipal waste composition average within EU
The average composition can widely vary from one country to another.

10. (Mixed) Municipal Solid Waste
separable
domestic hazardous waste
residual
fraction
biodegradable
recyclable
glass (green – clear)
plastics
paper
composite materials
metals – aluminium

11. municipal waste – residual fraction
landfill

12. municipal waste – residual fraction
landfill

13. municipal waste – residual fraction
incinerator

14. municipal waste domestic hazardous waste
Safe disposal at the local waste and recycling center

15. municipal waste separable fraction three separation systems
Separation at the source and transport by municipal collection vehicles to the processing facility
Drop off system
Buy back system

16. secondary uses for separated glass
- new glass production
- special materials (foam glass)
- sanitary ceramics
- flux agent in bricks manufacture
- water filtration media
- abrasive
difficult to consume all of the recycled glass today

17. secondary uses for separ. plastics
- production of fibers and fabrics
- containers
- injection moulded components
-building materials
- packing materials
- household products
difficult to consume all of the recycled plastics today

18. secondary uses for separ. paper
- production of new paper
- packing materials
- household products

19. metals recycling

20. Relative representation of municipal waste
all the waste types generated in Europe
agricultural waste – 80%
electrical and electronic waste %
mining waste – 30 %
construction and demolition waste 25 %
hazardous waste 1 %
industrial waste %
municipal waste – 15 %

21. Important for exam
Unit amounts (per person) of municipal waste produced in EU
Typical composition of municipal waste in EU
Main treatment processes for municipal waste in EU